the american and french revolutions

Question 1

king George III

Answer 1

The king of Britain during the American Revolutionary War. He was known for insisting on royal privilege.

Question 2

Taxtion without representation

Answer 2

A slogan of the Revolutionary War and the years before. The colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed.

Question 3

the stamp act

Answer 3

an act regulating stamp duty (a tax on the legal recognition of documents).

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

The first president of the United States, and the commanding general of the victorious American army in the Revolutionary War.

Question 5

redcoats

Answer 5

a British soldier

Question 6

continental army

Answer 6

The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

Question 7

seven year war

Answer 7

A war fought in the middle of the eighteenth century between the German kingdom of Prussia, supported by Britain, and an alliance that included Austria, France, and Russia.

Question 8

loyalists

Answer 8

a person who remains loyal to the established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt.

Question 9

patriots

Answer 9

a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

Jefferson was principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.

Question 11

declaration of independence

Answer 11

The Declaration of Independence is defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.

Question 12

the three estates

Answer 12

The Three Estates refer to the three divisions of European society in the Middle Ages: the nobles (first estate), the clergy (second estate), and the commoners (third estate).

Question 13

Louis xv

Answer 13

Louis XV. 1710-1774. King of France (1715-1774) who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), during which France lost its colony in Canada.

Question 14

Marie Antoinette

Answer 14

French queen, wife of Louis XVI. A daughter of Maria Theresa, she married the future Louis XVI of France in 1770.

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

palace of the French kings; peace treaty between the Allies and Germany 1919.

Question 16

national assembly

Answer 16

the elected legislature in France during the first part of the French Revolution, 1789–91.

Question 17

estates general

Answer 17

the legislative body in France until 1789, representing the three estates of the realm (i.e., the clergy, the nobility, and the commons).

Question 18

declaration of rights of man

Answer 18

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen), passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.

Question 19

constitution of 1791

Answer 19

Constitution of 1791, French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting.

Question 20

emigres

Answer 20

a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons

Question 21

radicals

Answer 21

a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.

Question 22

moderates

Answer 22

a person who holds moderate views, especially in politics.

Question 23

conservatives

Answer 23

a person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in relation to politics.

Question 24

reign of terror

Answer 24

a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular Reign of Terror, the period of the Terror during the French Revolution.

Question 25

jacobins

Answer 25

a member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.

Question 26

maximilien robespierre

Answer 26

was a French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

Question 27

guillotine

Answer 27

a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people

Question 28

conscription

Answer 28

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces

Question 29

covp

Answer 29

Council of Vice Presidents Continuous Operation Variance Permit

Question 30

the directory

Answer 30

a book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers.

Question 31

napoleon bonparte

Answer 31

Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804.

Question 32

counter-revolutionary

Answer 32

engaged in or promoting a revolution that opposes a previous one or reverses its results.

Question 33

napoleonic code

Answer 33

is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.

Question 34

the consulate waterloo

Answer 34

the position, work, authority, or term of service of a consulate

Question 35

nationalism

Answer 35

an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.

Question 36

duke of wellington

Answer 36

Duke of Wellington is a hereditary title of the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Question 37

tennis court oath

Answer 37

On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing “not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established.”

Question 38

bastille

Answer 38

It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France.