Industrial Revolution Flashcards
enclosure movement
The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land.
crop rotation
the action or system of rotating crops.
industrial revolution
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery.
factors of production
Factors of production is an economic term that describes the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in order to make an economic profit.
mechanization
Mechanization or mechanisation (British English) is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.
factory system
Definition of factory system. : the system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century with the development of the power loom and the steam engine and is based on concentration of industry into large establishments —contrasted with domestic system.
cottage industry
a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home.
entrepreneur
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
tenements
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
mass production
Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology.
fordism
Fordism is a term widely used to describe (1) the system of mass production that was pioneered in the early 20th century by the Ford Motor Company or (2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
corporation
a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
monopoly
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
strikes
a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer.
unions
an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a labor union.
collective
a cooperative enterprise.
bargaining
part with something after negotiation but get little or nothing in return.
Eli Whitney
was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.
James Watt
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819) Synonyms: Watt Example of: applied scientist, engineer, technologist. … artificer, discoverer, inventor.
Henry Bessemer
was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century.
Richard Arkwright
was an inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
Robert Fulton
was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.
Samuel Morse
was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on
Henry ford
was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
