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Modern Greek > The Alphabet > Flashcards

The Alphabet Flashcards

Pronunciation and writing of each letter in the Greek alphabet

1
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

A

A

[a] as in father, but short

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2
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Β

A

[v] as in vote

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3
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Γ

A

[y] as in yellow before e, u, i; otherwise a soft [g] as in Spanish lago

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4
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Γκ

A

[g] as in Spanish lago

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5
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Δ

A

[th] as in then

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6
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ε

A

[e] as in pen

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7
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ζ

A

[z] as in zoo

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8
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Η

A

[i] as in machine, but short

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9
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Θ

A

[th] as in thin

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10
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ι

A

[i] as in machine, but short.

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11
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Κ

A

[k] as in make (unaspirated)

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12
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Λ

A

[l] as in like

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13
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Μ

A

[m] as in music

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14
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Μπ

A

[b] as in book

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15
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ν

A

[n] as in net

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16
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Νt

A

[d] as in door

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17
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ξ

A

[x] as in fox

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18
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ο

A

[o] as in top (short)

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19
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Π

A

[p] as in stop (unaspirated)

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20
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ρ

A

a single-trilled [r] as in Italian or Spanish

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21
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Υ

A

[i] as in machine, but short

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22
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ΑY

A

[αv] or [αf]

  • [αv] when the following sound is voiced (voiced sounds are vowels, and consonants such as [l] or [r]).
  • [αf] when the following sound is voiceless (voiceless sounds are consonants such as [t], [k], [x]).
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23
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

EY

A

[ev] or [ef]

  • [ev] when the following sound is voiced (voiced sounds are vowels, and consonants such as [l] or [r]).
  • [ef] when the following sound is voiceless (voiceless sounds are consonants such as [t], [k], [x]).
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24
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Σ

A

[s] or [z]

[s] as in soft

[z] as in zoo when used before β, γ, or μ

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25
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Τ

A

[t] as in spot (unaspirated)

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26
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Υ

A

[i] as in machine, but short

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27
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Φ

A

[f] as in five

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28
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Χ

A

[ch] as in Scottish loch

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29
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ψ

A

[ps] as in lapse

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30
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

Ω

A

[o] as in top

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31
Q

How is this letter written?

άλφα

A

A α

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32
Q

How is this letter written?

βήτα

A

Β β

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33
Q

How is this letter written?

γάμμα

A

Γ γ

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34
Q

How is this letter written?

δέλτα

A

Δ δ

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35
Q

How is this letter written?

έψιλον

A

Ε ε

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36
Q

How is this letter written?

ζήτα

A

Ζ ζ

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37
Q

How is this letter written?

ήτα

A

Η η

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38
Q

How is this letter written?

θήτα

A

Θ θ

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39
Q

How is this letter written?

ιώτα

A

Ι ι

Note: Unlike the lowercase Latin i, the Greek version has no dot.

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40
Q

How is this letter written?

κάππα

A

Κ κ

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41
Q

How is this letter written?

λάμδα

A

Λ λ

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42
Q

How is this letter written?

μυ

A

Μ μ

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43
Q

How is this letter written?

νυ

A

Ν ν

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44
Q

How is this letter written?

ξι

A

Ξ ξ

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45
Q

How is this letter written?

όμικρον

A

Ο ο

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46
Q

How is this letter written?

πι

A

Π π

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47
Q

How is this letter written?

ρώ

A

Ρ ρ

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48
Q

How is this letter written?

σίγμα

A

Σ σ/ς

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49
Q

How is this letter written?

ταυ

A

Τ τ

Note: Unlike the Latin lowercase t, the Greek version’s vertical line does not exceed the horizontal line.

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50
Q

How is this letter written?

ύψιλον

A

Υ υ

Note: Unlike the Latin lowercase u, the Greek version has no additional vertical line.

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51
Q

How is this letter written?

φι

A

Φ φ

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52
Q

How is this letter written?

χι

A

Χ χ

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53
Q

How is this letter written?

ψι

A

Ψ ψ

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54
Q

How is this letter written?

ωμέγα

A

Ω ω

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55
Q

How is this pronounced?

αι

A

Mostly [e], sometimes [ai]

It’s pronounced [ai] if there is a double dot over the ι (e.g., παϊδάκι, “little child”).

Also, if the word is accented on the first of the two vowels the accent mark by itself indicates separate pronunciation and the double dot is not necessary (e.g., Μάιος, “lamb chop”).

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56
Q

How is this pronounced?

αυ/ευ

A

[av]/[ev] or [af]/[ef]

In αυ/ευ combinations, the letter υ is:
* [v] when the following sound is voiced (voiced sounds are vowels, and consonants such as [l] or [r]).
* [f] when the following sound is voiceless (voiceless sounds are consonants such as [t], [k], [x]).

Notes:

  • If the αυ/ευ is stressed, the accent mark falls on υ, a rather peculiar choice since the letter represents a consonant here (e.g., αύριο).
  • If the accent mark falls on the first letter of the combination, then the two sounds are pronounced separately, and now Υ/υ represents a vowel and sounds like [i] as in machine (e.g., άυπνος, άυλος).
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57
Q

In what five ways can the sound [i] be represented?

A

η, ι, υ, ει, οι

ημέρα (“day”)
ίσως (“perhaps”)
ύψος (“height”)
είμαι (“to be”)
οικονομία (“economy”)

58
Q

In what two ways can the sound [e] be represented?

A

ε, αι

νερό (“water”)
παίζω (“to play”)

59
Q

In what two ways can the sound [o] be represented?

A

ο, ω

φοράω (“to wear”)

60
Q

How is [u] represented?

A

ου

ουρανός (“sky”)

61
Q

What is the name of this letter?

A

A

άλφα [AL-fah]

62
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Β

A

βήτα [VEE-tah]

63
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Γ

A

γάμμα [GA-mah]

64
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Δ

A

δέλτα [THEL-tah]

65
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ε

A

έψιλον [EH-psee-lon]

66
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ζ

A

ζήτα [ZEE-tah]

67
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Η

A

ήτα [EE-tah]

68
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Θ

A

θήτα [THEE-tah]

69
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ι

A

ιώτα [YO-tah]

70
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Κ

A

κάππα [KAH-pah]

71
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Λ

A

λάμδα [LAM-thah]

72
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Μ

A

μυ [mee]

73
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ν

A

νυ [nee]

74
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ξ

A

ξι [ksee]

75
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ο

A

όμικρον [OH-mee-kron]

76
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Π

A

πι [pee]

77
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ρ

78
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Σ

A

σίγμα [SEEG-mah]

79
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Τ

A

ταυ [tahf]

80
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Υ

A

ύψιλον [EEP-see-lon]

81
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Φ

A

φι [fee]

82
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Χ

A

χι [hee]

83
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ψ

A

ψι [psee]

84
Q

What is the name of this letter?

Ω

A

ωμέγα [oh-MEH-ga]

85
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

α

A

[a] as in father, but short

86
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

β

A

[v] as in vote

87
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

γ

A

[g] as in Spanish lago or [y] as in yellow

[g] as in Spanish lago before [a] or [o]; [y] as in yellow before [e], [i], or [u].

88
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

δ

A

[th] as in then

89
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ε

A

[e] as in pen

90
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ζ

A

[z] as in zoo

91
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

η

A

[i] as in machine, but short

92
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

θ

A

[th] as in thin

93
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ι

A

[i] as in machine, but short.

94
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

κ

A

[k] as in make (unaspirated)

95
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

λ

A

[l] as in like

96
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

μ

A

[m] as in music

97
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ν

A

[n] as in net

98
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ξ

A

[x] as in fox

99
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ο

A

[o] as in top (short)

100
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

π

A

[p] as in stop (unaspirated)

101
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ρ

A

a single-trilled [r] as in Italian or Spanish

102
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

σ

A

[s] or [z]

[s] as in soft

[z] as in zoo when used before β, γ, or μ

103
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ς

A

[s] as in soft

Only used at the end of words.

104
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

τ

A

[t] as in spot (unaspirated)

105
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

υ

A

[i] as in machine, but short

106
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

φ

A

[f] as in five

107
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

χ

A

[ch] as in Scottish loch

108
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ψ

A

[ps] as in lapse

109
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ω

A

[o] as in top

110
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

νt

A

[d] or [nd]

111
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

μπ

A

[b] or [mb]

112
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

γκ

113
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

γγ

114
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

υ

A

[i] as in machine, but short

115
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

αυ

A

[av] or [af]

In αυ/ευ combinations, the letter υ is:
* [v] when the following sound is voiced (voiced sounds are vowels, and consonants such as [l] or [r]).
* [f] when the following sound is voiceless (voiceless sounds are consonants such as [t], [k], [x]).

116
Q

How is this letter pronounced?

ευ

A

[ev] or [ef]

In αυ/ευ combinations, the letter υ is:
* [v] when the following sound is voiced (voiced sounds are vowels, and consonants such as [l] or [r]).
* [f] when the following sound is voiceless (voiceless sounds are consonants such as [t], [k], [x]).

117
Q

What is the name of this letter?

α

A

άλφα [AL-fah]

118
Q

What is the name of this letter?

β

A

βήτα [VEE-tah]

119
Q

What is the name of this letter?

γ

A

γάμμα [GA-mah]

120
Q

What is the name of this letter?

δ

A

δέλτα [THEL-tah]

121
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ε

A

έψιλον [EH-psee-lon]

122
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ζ

A

ζήτα [ZEE-tah]

123
Q

What is the name of this letter?

η

A

ήτα [EE-tah]

124
Q

What is the name of this letter?

θ

A

θήτα [THEE-tah]

125
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ι

A

ιώτα [YO-tah]

126
Q

What is the name of this letter?

κ

A

κάππα [KAH-pah]

127
Q

What is the name of this letter?

λ

A

λάμδα [LAM-thah]

128
Q

What is the name of this letter?

μ

A

μυ [mee]

129
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ν

A

νυ [nee]

130
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ξ

A

ξι [ksee]

131
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ο

A

όμικρον [OH-mee-kron]

132
Q

What is the name of this letter?

π

A

πι [pee]

133
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ρ

134
Q

What is the name of this letter?

σ

A

σίγμα [SEEG-mah]

135
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ς

A

σίγμα [SEEG-mah]

136
Q

What is the name of this letter?

τ

A

ταυ [tahf]

137
Q

What is the name of this letter?

υ

A

ύψιλον [EEP-see-lon]

138
Q

What is the name of this letter?

φ

A

φι [fee]

139
Q

What is the name of this letter?

χ

A

χι [hee]

140
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ψ

A

ψι [psee]

141
Q

What is the name of this letter?

ω

A

ωμέγα [oh-MEH-ga]

Modern Greek (5 decks)

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