The Age Of Mass Politics Flashcards by Bethany Clark

1871-1914 political parties dominate politics; ordinary people begin liking government; universal male suffrage in Western Europe; responsible representation by elected officials; welfare states; increased literacy rates

Age of mass politics

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Federal union of Prussia and 24 smaller states

German empire

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had ultimate power of Prussia

- delegated it to Bismarck

Wilhem I

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Served as chancellor and mastermind behind government in Prussia

Bismarck

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Two house legislature in Germany

- bicameral legislature including Bundestag and bundesrat

Reichstag

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Lower house

Represented the volk

Bundestag

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Conservative upper class elected by upper states

Bundesrat

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Represented conservatives

Junkers

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Struggle for civilization; Bismarck tried to limit the catholic center party; marriage had to be civil ceremonies; expelled Jesuits; too popular to be driven underground; failed to be suppressed

Kultyrkampf

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Pope pius encourages people to get involved with politics; Bismarck tries to suppress center party but it didn’t work.

Catholic center party

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Marxists want to reform Germany; Bismarck makes many reforms to suppress center party but it didn’t work

Social Democratic Party (SPD)

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Forces Bismarck to resign

Wilhem II

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Constitution provided for a republic; chamber of deputies; weak president; senate indirectly elected; government fell dozens of times.

Third French Republic

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Lay seize to Paris; refuses to recognize the authority of National Assembly; 1871 fought bloody struggle with troops of NA; theirs defeats commune and led France to recovery

Paris commune

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Made National Assembly and was chief executive; defeated commune and led France to recovery

Theirs

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New legislature; most powerful branch in French government; elected through universal male suffrage

Chamber of deputies

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At one point French leader; tax supported secular schooling; co sponsors Berlin conference

Ferry

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Plotted to overthrow republic; fled to Belgium and committed suicide before trial; resulted in increased public confidence for the republic

Boulanger crisis

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Wrote famous newspaper article defending Dreyfus called “j’accuse”

Zola

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Gaines seats in chamber of deputies from 1905-1914;leader if socialist party

Juares

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Last of Whig prime ministers; dominates British politics 1850-1865

Palmerston

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Old Tori party led by Disraeli

Conservative party

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Conservative; imperialist; had aggressive foreign policy, expansion of empire, supported democratic reform reluctantly; wrote Sybil expressing pity for working class; part of Conservative party

Disraeli

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Old Whig party led by Gladstone

Liberal party

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Most important of liberal figures; supported Irish home rule; fiscal policy, free trade & opposed liberalism; abolished compulsory tax to the Church of England

Gladstone

"Leap into the dark"; Disraeli;all men over 21 get the right to vote; redistributes seats to make them even

Reform bill of 1867

Granted suffrage to adult males in the countries in the same basis of the boroughs

Reform act or 1884

Socialist party; revisionists Marxists want changes through voting

Fabian society

Led independent labor party

Hardie

Led by hardie

Independent labor party

Most significant political reform during liberal party rule; eliminates power of House of Lords;House of Commons now center of national power

Parliament act of 1911

Leader Of national union of women's suffrage society; demanded parliament grant female suffrage; helped grow suffrage movement and plates a role in national and international suffrage conferences; knighted 1924

Fawcett

Infuriates that parliament wouldn't give women voting rights even when Finland and Norway had; FINISH

Pankhurst

1918; result of women's contribution in a war; parliament gave women over 30 right to vote

Representation of the people act

Should Ireland be given autonomy independence?

Irish question

Nationalistic group pushing for Irish independence

Young Ireland

Pushed by Gladstone; wanted autonomy for Ireland; Ulster; Protestant countries in Northern Ireland were opposed to home rule; Irish home rule act padded by commons and lords but Protestants didn't accept it.

Irish home rule

Protestant countries in Northern Ireland that were opposed to home rule

Ulster

Irish attempt to declare independence in WWI in 1916

Easter rebellion

Who's going to control the Balkans?

Eastern question

Ottoman Empire

Sick man of Europe

Idea all Slavs would be unified j see one government, Russia

Pan-slavism

Nationalistic spirit in Britain; comes from poem

Jingoism

1878. WHAT ELSE??

Congress of Berlin

Write evolutionary socialism; most prominent of the socialist revisionists

Bernstein

Spun off mainstream socialist movement; sought to destroy the centralized state

Anarchy

Most influential of anarchists

Bakunin

Greatest czar since Catherine the great; liberal; thought serfdom retarded modernization

Alexander II

Ending serfdom was key modernization; abolished serfdom; most Russians not imparted

Emancipation act 1861

Most Russians lived in highly regulated communes; collective ownership and responsibility made it hard to move

Mirs

Established in 1864 assemblies that administered local areas; Significant step towards popular participation; lords controlled these and gained more power

Zemstovs

Hostile group of intellectuals who believed they should take over society

Intelligensia

Oversaw Russian industrialization, aggressively courted western capital and advanced technology; rise of small middle class; built state owned railroads; put Russia on gold standard

Witte

Most reactionary czar of the 19th century

Alexander III

Alexander IIIs program while on power; czar is supreme; church is supreme; becoming Russian in culture fully

Autocracy, orthodoxy, Russification

Violent persecutions of Jewish in Russian area

Pogroms

Created idea of Zionism

Herzl

Advocates a Jewish homeland on the holy land as a remedy to continue persecution of Jews in eastern and Central Europe

Zionism

Last czar

Nicholas II

Both wanted piece of land; Japan won; huge humiliation for Russia

Russo Japanese war

Workers and peasants marched peacefully to winter palace asking for reform;czar wasn't there but army was and killed many in cold blood

Bloody Sunday

Bloody Sunday;peasant revolt and troop mutinies paralyzed Russia by October and czar had to make changed

Revolution of 1905

Was an assembly creates that would serve as an advisory body for the czar; granted freedom Of speech assembly and press

Duma

Mystic who dominates czars court in last days of empire; caused people to doubt the czar

Rasputin

When just trading posts, no government, on coast

Old imperialism

When Europeans started going into Africa to begin conquests; set up colonies and government

New imperialism

One of the first white men to explore africa; gets lost doing missionary work; eventually found

Livingston

"Survival of the fittest" ;Europeans duty to take over weaker countries in Africa and Asia

Social Darwinism

Preached westerners superior and had obligation to spread culture to uncivilized people

White mans burden

Wrote white mans burden

Kipling

The Europeans countries scramble to stake claim of African land

Scramble for Africa

Conquered by leopold II king of Belgium

Congo

King of Belgium hired Stanley to get control of Congo;didn't treat native people humanely

Leopold II

Protectorate of Britain; model for new imperialism

Egypt

1884-85; establishes rules for co quest of Africa; established rules for conquest of Africa; slavery and slave trade in Africa terminates; sought to prevent conflict between imperial powers; sponsored by Bismarck and ferry

Berlin conference

Britain pushed southward from Egypt; battle of Omdurman general Kitchener defeated Sudanese tribe

Sudan

Kitchener defeated Sudanese tribe

Battle of Omdurman

1898; France and Britain nearly went to war over Sudan but France backed down due to the Dreyfus affair

Fashoda incident

Prime minister of cape colony in South Africa

Rhodes

British colony in South Africa; prime minister was Rhodes

Cape colony

Between Dutch farmers and British after diamonds and gold discovered

Boer war

Congratulated boers in not needing German assistance, angered Britain

Kruger telegram

Area controlled by France since 1830

Algeria

Only African nation to defeat European nation

Ethiopia

First opium war 1839-1841britain occupied several costal cities and forces china to surrender

Opium war

Gave Hong Kong to Britain until 1997; four treaty ports were open to British trade

Treaty of Nanking