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PPL Aircraft General > The Aeroplane Engine > Flashcards

The Aeroplane Engine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common engine design for GA aircraft today?

A

Horizontally-opposed

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2
Q

In the cylinder, what absorbs all the power from the cylinder and transfers it to the propeller?

A

Crankshaft

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3
Q

What forms a link between the crankshaft and piston?

A

Connecting rod

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4
Q

What does the connecting rod do?

A

Connects the crankshaft and piston

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5
Q

What does the crankshaft do?

A

Absorbs power from the cylinders and transfers it to the propeller

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6
Q

What does the inlet valve do?

A

Lets fuel/air mixture into the cylinder

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7
Q

What lets the fuel/air mixture into the cylinder?

A

Inlet valve

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8
Q

Where does the fuel/air mixture become compressed and burnt (combusted)?

A

The cylinder(s)

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9
Q

How do used gases leave the combustion process>

A

Through the exhaust valve

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10
Q

What ignites the compressed fuel/air mixture?

A

Spark plugs

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11
Q

What does the term ‘reciprocating’ refer to in ‘reciprocating engine’?

A

The back and forth motion of the pistons

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12
Q

Energy process in piston cylinders?

A

Conversion of chemical energy to heat energy to mechanical energy

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13
Q

What does the chemical energy consist of in pistons?

A

Fuel

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14
Q

The basic process of combustion in each cylinder?

A

Fuel/air mixture is burned
Heat energy causes gases to expand
Piston driven down the cylinder

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15
Q

Four-stroke cycle’s 4 stages:

A

Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust

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16
Q

In the intake stroke, what causes air (and fuel) to flow into the cylinder?

A

Decreased pressure

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17
Q

In the intake stroke, what happens to the pressure?

A

It reduces

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18
Q

In the intake stroke, how is pressure reduced?

A

The piston moves downwards

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19
Q

In the intake stroke, what valves are open?

A

Inlet valve

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20
Q

In the intake stroke, what valves are closed?

A

Exhaust valve

21
Q

In the compression stroke, what valves are open?

A

None

22
Q

In the compression stroke, what valves are closed

A

Both inlet and exhaust valve

23
Q

In the compression stroke, what happens to the piston?

A

It moves to the top of the cylinder

24
Q

In the compression stroke, what happens to the pressure?

A

It increases

25
Q

In the compression stroke, how does pressure increase?

A

The piston moves upwards

26
Q

In the compression stroke, what mainly happens to the fuel/air mixture?

A

The temperature increases

27
Q

In the compression stroke, the main result of increased cylinder pressure is what?

A

Rising temperature of fuel/air mixture

28
Q

In the power stroke, what causes the piston to drive downwards?

A

Expansion of combusting gases

29
Q

In the power stroke, what is the effect of expanding gases in combustion?

A

Piston moving downwards

30
Q

In the power stroke, how is the fuel/air mixture altered?

A

It is ignited and thus expands in combustion

31
Q

In what stroke (stage) does combustion occur?

A

Power stroke

32
Q

In the exhaust stroke, what valve is open?

A

Exhaust valve

33
Q

In the exhaust stroke, what valve is closed?

A

Inlet valve

34
Q

In the exhaust stroke, what happens to the cylinder?

A

Piston moves upwards

35
Q

In the exhaust stroke, as the piston approaches the top of the cylinder head, what happens?

A

Inlet valve opens and cycle continues

36
Q

How many times does the crankshaft in the Otto cycle rotate?

A

Twice

37
Q

How many strokes in the Otto cycle provide power?

A

One

38
Q

How to work out the number of ‘power strokes’ from the number of cylinders?

A

The number of cylinders = number of power strokes

39
Q

Relationship between number of power strokes and crankshaft rotations?

A

Crankshaft rotations is two and power strokes is the same as number of cylinders

40
Q

How does fuel quality change with engine compression?

A

Higher compression requires higher-qaulity fuel

41
Q

What is the penalty of higher performance in engines (and higher fuel-quality)?

A

Greater cylinder wear

42
Q

What is the compression ratio?

A

Ratio of total volume to clearance volume

43
Q

When does total volume occur?

A

Bottom dead centre (BDC)

44
Q

When does clearance volume occur?

A

Top dead centre (TDC)

45
Q

When does swept volume occur?

A

When the piston is in the course of a stroke

46
Q

Name of volume when piston is in the course of a stroke?

A

Swept volume

47
Q

Name of volume at top dead centre?

A

Clearance volume

48
Q

Name of volume at bottom dead centre?

A

Total volume

49
Q

Total Volume / Clearance Volume =

A

Compression Ratio

PPL Aircraft General (2 decks)

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