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Child Health > The Acutely Ill Child > Flashcards

The Acutely Ill Child Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical differences between a child and an adult?

A

infants have a relatively large head and prominent occiput; their sitting height proportionally more; relatively large SA compared to volume; high anterior larynx/floppy epiglottis; more flexible ribs; blood volume 80mls/kg

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2
Q

What is the difference between foetal Hb and adult Hb?

A

foetal Hb has a higher affinity for oxygen

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3
Q

What is the commonest reason for acute illness in childre?

A

sepsis

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4
Q

What is the treatment for sepsis?

A

antibiotics and supportive

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5
Q

What is the sepsis 6?

A 
dminister high-flow oxygen to maintain target oxygen saturations greater than 94%
Take blood cultures
Give IV antibiotics
Start IV fluid resus
Check lactate level
Monitor hourly urine output.
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6
Q

What is the most common respiratory problem in children?

A

bronchiolitis

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7
Q

What virus commonly causes bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

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8
Q

What is the treatmetn for bronchiolitis?

A

supportive

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9
Q

What is croup?

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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10
Q

What is the differential with croup?

A

any other upper airway obstruction eg epiglottitis

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11
Q

Why has the incidence of epiglottitis reduced?

A

vaccination against haemophilus

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12
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

steroid

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13
Q

What are the two infections affecting the CNS in children?

A

meningitis and encephalitis

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14
Q

What are the investigations for CNS infection?

A

LP; imaging

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15
Q

Who gets febrile seizures?

A

children under 5/6 years

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16
Q

Why do children get febrile seizures?

A

rapid rise of temperature, unable to thermoregulate

17
Q

What is seen in children alongside a febrile seizures?

A

minor infections eg otitis media or URTI

18
Q

What is a reflex anoxic seizure?

A

brief period of asystole eg 10-15s; go white in responsse to noxious stimulus eg stress or injury

19
Q

What is the difference between a breath holding attack and a reflex anoxic seizure?

A

pt turns blue rather than white

20
Q

What happens before the breath holding attack?

A

child takes in a big breath; lets it out and then stops breathing

21
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia seen in children?

A

SVT

22
Q

What is accident and traume injury dependent on?

A

developmental age

23
Q

What should always be considered iwith accidents and traume?

A

NAI

24
Q

What are the causes of GI obstruction?

A

congential pyloric stenosis; volvulus; intussusception; malrotation

Child Health (8 decks)

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