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Child Health > Child Psychiatry > Flashcards

Child Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is proximity maintenance?

A

the desire to be near the people we are attached to

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2
Q

What is safe haven?

A

returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat

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3
Q

what is a secure base?

A

the attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment

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4
Q

What is seperation distress?

A

anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure

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5
Q

What is monotropy?

A

attachment conceptualized as being a vital and close bond with just one attachment figure

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6
Q

What are the 3 progressive stages of distress?

A

Protest
Despair
Detachment

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7
Q

What is seen in the protest stage?

A

the child cries and screams and will try to prevent the carer from leaving

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8
Q

What is seen in the despair stage?

A

The child’s protesting begins to stop and they appear to be calmer although still upset. The child refuses others’ attempts for comfort and often seems withdrawn and uninterested in anything

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9
Q

What is seen in the detachment stage?

A

the child will begin to engage with other people, thye will reject the caregiver on their return and display anger

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10
Q

What does the strange situation test determine?

A

the security of attachment in 1-2 yo’s

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11
Q

What happens during stages 1 and 2 of the strange situation test?

A

mum and infant go into room to get used to it before the obs begins

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12
Q

What is stage 3?

A

mum is in room and stranger enters

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13
Q

What is stage 4?

A

mum leaves and the stranger interacts wit hthe infant

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14
Q

What is stage 5?

A

mum returns

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15
Q

What is stage 6?

A

mum leaves and the infant is left alone

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16
Q

What happens in stage 7?

A

the stranger returns to the room

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17
Q

What happens in stage 8?

A

mum reenters the room and stranger leaves

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18
Q

What is recorded in stage 5?

A

reunion behaviour

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19
Q

What is recorded in stage 6?

A

seperation protest

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20
Q

What is recorded in stage 7?

A

stranger anxiety behavious

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21
Q

What is recorded in stage 8?

A

reunion behavious

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22
Q

What are the 4 interaction behaviours that attachment styles (strange situation classifications) are based upon?

A
  1. proximity and contacting seeking
  2. contact maintaing
  3. avoidance of proximity and contact
  4. resistance to contact and comforting
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23
Q

What are the 3 attachment styles?

A

type A- insecure avoidant
type B- secure
type C- insecure ambivalent/resistant
(later identified- disorganised)

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24
Q

What are the attachment styles of a child the result of?

A

the early interactions with the mother

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25
Q

What are the features of a child with secure attachment?

A

readily explores, using carer as a secure base. Cries infrequentyl. Easily put down after being held, Confident

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26
Q

What are the features of a caregiver with a secure child?

A

appropriate response to upset, appropriate encouragement to explore, tuned in to childs needs

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27
Q

What are the features of a child with avoidant attachment?

A

avoids or ignroe the parent when they resturns- whoing little overt indications of an emotional response. Often, the stranger will not be treated much differently from the parent.

28
Q

What are the features of a caregiver with an avoidant child?

A

disinterested, uncomfortable with showing affection, but overly encourages seperation/independence

29
Q

What are the features of an ambivalent child?

A

unsure how to respond to the parent when they return depsite large emotional response. May seek comfort, be unsure about how to manage the attention. Display clingy and dependent behaviour

30
Q

What are hte features of a caregiver with an ambivalent child?

A

unpredicatable, inconsisten, frightening

31
Q

What is the diorganised attahcment response?

A

no cohesive response, bizarre behaviour- soiling, destruction of possessions, odd noises

32
Q

Who is the disorganised attachment seen in?

A

older children i nthe context of severe trauma

33
Q

what are other ways of assessing attachment?

A

semistructured interviews; story stems picture responses; attachment q sort

34
Q

What are the 2 types of reactive attachment disorder?

A

inhibited and disinhibtied

35
Q

What is the difference between inhibited and disinhibited types of reactive attachment disorder?

A

inhibited- presistent failure to repsond or initiate social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way whereas disinhibited types who display indiscriminate socialibility

36
Q

What is temperament?

A

can be seeen as inherent, constitutionally based characteristics that constitute the core of personality and influence directions for development

37
Q

How can temperamnet be measured?

A

observations; questionnaires; physiological measures- HR; EEG; salivary cortisol

38
Q

What are hte 9 dimensions of temperament?

A 
1- activity level 
2- approach/withdrawal
3- adaptability
4- mood
5- threshold
6- intensity
7- distractibility
8- rhythmicity
9- attention spans/persistence
39
Q

What is the acitvity dimension of temperament?

A

intensity and pace of a persons behaviour

40
Q

What is the emotionality dimension of temperament?

A

how positive or how negative a person is in general; jovial and happy or despondent and sad

41
Q

What is the socaibilty dimension of temperament?

A

preferences for interaction or for solitude

42
Q

How can temperament be influenced by environment if it is inherent?

A

the development of temperament can be influenced- children differing in temperaments may come to similar outcomes whereas children with similar traits may have different outcomes

43
Q

What allows children to reover more successfully from chronic adveristy?

A

attachment; temperament- good learning and problem-solving; engaging with other eople; have areas of competence and perceived efficacy valued by self or society

44
Q

What do Piaget’s stages of development describe?

A

the qualitative change in how children think as they get older

45
Q

What is Piaget’s stage from 0-2 years?

A

the sensorimotor stage

46
Q

What is the important element of the sensorimotor stage?

A

developing object permanance

47
Q

What is Piaget’s stage between 2-7 years?

A

Preoperational Stage

48
Q

What are children developing in the preoperational age?

A

learning through pretend play, struggle with logic, constancy and taking other peoples points of view

49
Q

What is Piaget’s stage from 7-11 years?

A

The concrete operational stage

50
Q

What are children developing in the concrete operational stage?

A

thinking about how others feel, that everyone has different feelings.

51
Q

What is Piaget’’s stage from 11-adulthood?

A

the formal operational stage

52
Q

What are people developing in the formal operational stage?

A

logic, deductive reasoning and abstract ideas.

53
Q

What is Maslows heirarchy of need?

A

a pyramid of needs which people progress up, you must have the lower needs before higher ones. physiological–safety–love and belonging–esteem–self-actualisation

54
Q

What is temperament?

A

a set of basic persaonlity characteristics one is born with

55
Q

What is attachment

A

environmental influence on one’s developing mental health which is related to the earliest experience of being cared for by a mother

56
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

infants will be reasonably upset when their caregiver leaves but will be happy to see them return and will be quickly soothed

57
Q

What is insecure/avoidant attachment?

A

show little interest in their caregivers although thye cry when they leave the room, they don’t seem pleased when their caregiver returns and turn their back on them and try to get away

58
Q

What is insecure/ambivilant attachment?

A

initally dont want to leave their caregiver to explore the room. they cry when caregiver leaves, seem angry when they return

59
Q

What type of caregiver gives rise to insecure/avoidant attachment?

A

absent, distnat or disinterested carers

60
Q

What type of carer gives rise to insecure/ambivilant attachment?

A

unpredicatble where may be reassuring but frightening at others

61
Q

How do children with disorganised attachment act?

A

child sppears stressed, exhibiting ttension movements activated by the departure and return of their caregiver

62
Q

What are the 6 elements of the McMaster model?

A

problem solving; communication; roles; affective responsiveness; affective involvement; behaviour controls

63
Q

What are 4P’s in formulation?

A

Predisposing; precipitating; perpetuating and protective

64
Q

What is the predisposing part of the 4Ps?

A

the risk factors

65
Q

What are the precipitating part of the 4Ps?

A

what made it change from being a risk of a problem to an actual problem

66
Q

What is the perpetuating part of the 4P’s?

A

what is keeping the problem going, why isn’t it getting better

67
Q

What is the protective part of hte 4P’s?

A

what is preventing the problem from being even worse

Child Health (8 decks)

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