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A level History - Britain > Thatcher and the end of consensus, 1979-97, dates and stats > Flashcards

Thatcher and the end of consensus, 1979-97, dates and stats Flashcards

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1
Q

What is populism?

A

a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. (used by Thatcher in 79 - Thatcher photographed with a calf)

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2
Q

When was the ‘Labour isn’t working’ campaign?
What was it?

A

1978
picture of snaking queue to unemployment office - representing Labours negative impact on economy.

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3
Q

How many seats changed hands from Labour to Conservative in 1979?

A

40

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4
Q

How much did Liberal vote drop in 1979?

A

over a million

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5
Q

When and what was the Lib-Lab pact?

A

1977
The Lib-Lab Pact - By election loses meant labours slim majority in HOC disappeared. Deal between Callaghan and Lib leader steel - 13 Lib MPS agreed to support gov.

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6
Q

How many more seats did conservatives win than Labour in 1983?
How did their share of the vote compare to 1979?

A

144 seats.
share of the vote fell by 1.5 per cent from 1979.

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7
Q

Which war victory benefitted Thatcher in the 1983 election?

A

Falklands war victory in Argentina 1982.

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8
Q

How did Labour share of the vote in 1983 compare to 1979?

A

Fell by 9.3%, highlighting

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9
Q

Labour leader in 1983?

A

Michael Foot

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10
Q

Social democrat votes in 1983?

A

7.7 million - splitting the anti-conservative vote.

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11
Q

How was labour 1983 manifesto described?

A

‘longest suicide note in history’

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12
Q

1979 seats won by:
Lab
Con
Lib

A

Lab: 269
Con: 339
Lib: 11

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13
Q

1983 seats won by:
Lab
Con
Lib and SPD alliance

A

Lab: 209
Con: 397
Lib and SPD alliance: 23

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14
Q

1983 seats won by:
Lab
Con
Lib and SPD alliance

A

Lab: 229
Con: 376
Lib and SPD alliance: 22

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15
Q

Who was the Labour leader in the ‘87 election?

A

Kinnocks

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16
Q

How many votes did Labour gain rom 83 to 87?

A

1.5 mil votes and 20 seats

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17
Q

Conservative vote in ‘87 compared to 79 and 83 (broad terms - more/less)

A

won more votes than ‘79 or ‘83 despite losing twelves seats.

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18
Q

When did thatchers Privatisation begin? What was privatised?

A

in October 1979 – sale of British Petroleum – continued throughout the 1980s.

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19
Q

What did the Budgets of 1980 and 1981 do?

A

reduce money in circulation – decreasing government spending – raising indirect taxation.

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20
Q

Which Act deregulated dealing in stocks and shares and opened up share trading.

A

Financial services Act 1986

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21
Q

How many private shareholders in:
1979
1990

A

1979: 3 million.
1990 :11 million.

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22
Q

Prices rises in:
1980
1983

A

1880 - 18%
fell to
1983 - 4.5%

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23
Q

Unemployment in:
1980
1983
1990

A

1980 - 1.5 million.
1983 - 3 million.
only just beginning to fall 1990 - 2 milllion.

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24
Q

Examples of increased foreign investment?

A

Japanese’s car firm Nissan - plant in North East.

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25
Q

When did Britain become a net exporter of oil? Why?

A

increase in North Sea oil production – tuning Britain into a net exporter of oil by 1980.

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26
Q

how much did of its manufacturing base did Britain lose under Thatcher?

A

15%

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27
Q

What happened to government spending as a percentage of GPD under Thatcher?

A

Decreased after 1984-95.

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28
Q

When were GCSE’s introduced?

A

1886 - all levels of ability.

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29
Q

When was national curriculum introduced?

A

1988

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30
Q

When was the university funding council founded?

A

1988 - reflect the needs of economy, not just focusing on pure research

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Gov spending on subsiding mortgages under thatcher?

A

Doubled

33
Q

House sales under Thatcher?

A

rose by 12%

34
Q

When was the miners strike?

A

Miners’ Strike – 1984-85

35
Q

Riots in Brixton, Liverpool?

A

summer and spring of 1981

36
Q

What loss was the National Coal Board facing for 1983-84?

A

250million.

37
Q

How many pit closures did the government announce in March 1984?
How many jobs was this going to lose?

A

20 uneconomic coal pits.
20,000 Jobs.

38
Q

When was the Whitehall committe set up?

A

1981 - stock pile coal in preparation for strikes.

39
Q

What was set up to control policing during the miners strikes?

A

Leon Brittan Home secratary - National Reporting Centre in New Scotland Yard.

40
Q

What was the break away union from the miners strikes called?

A

Union of Democratic Mineworkers - continued working - miners were divided.

41
Q

NUM (National Union of Mineworkers):
Leader?
membership in:
1979
1987

A

Arthur Scargill
1979: 200,500
1987: 100,000

42
Q

When was the poll tax introduced?

A

1989

43
Q

who were the main ‘wets’ in Thatchers cabinet?

A

-Michael Heseltine
-Jim Prior - Department of Employment.
-Francis Pym - Foreign secretary.

44
Q

Thatchers main conservative allies in 1980?

A

Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Keith Joseph – Department of Trade and Industry.

45
Q

Who replaced Jim prior as head of Department of Employment?

A

Norman Tebbit.

46
Q

When was the second election won by Thatcher?

A

1983

47
Q

When was Francis Pym fired, who replaced him?

A

1983 - leading ‘wet’ Francis Pym (foreign secretary) – replaced by Geoffrey Howe.

48
Q

Who became chancellor in 1983?

A

Nigel Lawson - implementing Thatcher’d radical economic policy.

49
Q

When did Michael Heseltine resign?

A

1986 - he was the last ‘wet’ - Thatchers cabinet completely dominated by people with her views.

50
Q

When did William Whitehall retire?

A

1987 - Thatchers main advisor.

51
Q

When did Howe give his resignation speech?

A

1990

52
Q

When did Thatcher fall out with Lawson and Howe?

A

1989

53
Q

What were ‘the rates’?

A

Source of local gov income since 1925 - tax on businesses and property owners.

54
Q

What act introduced ‘flat-rate’ community charge to replace ‘the rates’.

A

Local Government Finance Act 1988 - poll tax.

55
Q

Where was poll tax 1st introduced?

A

Scotland 1989 – millions of Scots refused to pay.

56
Q

When and where was the demonstration against poll tax?

A

1990 – demonstration in Trafalgar Square – day before poll tax introduction – 300 people arrested – 400 policemen hurt – violent riot.

57
Q

Impact of 1987 stock market crash?

A

wiped 24% off share prices

58
Q

Which of Lawson budgets reduce income tax?

A

1988 - to prevent recession after crash - instead lead to consumer boom - inflation.

59
Q

Inflation in 1989?

A

1989 – inflation 8.3%.

60
Q

Interest rates in 1989?

A

15% - Lawson raised interest rates.

61
Q

European act - Thatcher:
Name and date

A

Single European Act 1986

62
Q

Thatchers Bruges Speech September…

A

1988 - ‘We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the State in Britain, only to see them re-imposed at European level’

63
Q

When did Lawson resign as Chancellor?

A

1989

64
Q

Public opinion polls in 1990?

A

Public opinion polls put Labour sixteen points ahead.

65
Q

How many votes did Anthony Meyer get against Thatchers leadership?

A

33 - significant considering he was little know.

66
Q

Who stood against thatchers leadership in 1990?

A

Michael Heseltine - lost - but significant amount for another vote.

67
Q

When did thatcher resign?

A

November 1990

68
Q

Treaty establishing the European Union?

A

1991 Maastricht treaty - Europe would have a common currency = euro, defence and foreign policy.

69
Q

What was the conservative victory in 1992?

A

+21 seats for conservative.

70
Q

When was Major re-elected as conservative leader?

A

1995

71
Q

Inflation tips British economy into a depression (Major)

A

September 1992.

72
Q

What was ‘Black Wednesday’?

A

Major and Lamont (chancellor) - tried to sustain pound – increased interest and getting Bank of England to buy pounds – unsuccessful.
-‘Black Wednesday’ - Britain had to withdraw from Exchange Rate Mechanism.

73
Q

Labour Leader from 1983-92?

A

Kinnock

74
Q

‘New Labour’ Leader from 1994?

A

Tony Blair - 41 years.

75
Q

What clause did Blair get rid of?

A

Clause IV from party’s 1918 constitution - pledged to nationalise Britain’s industry.

76
Q

Which leading Media figure supported Blair?

A

Rupert Murdoch – owner of the Sun.

77
Q

1997 general election % of votes:
Conservative
Labour
Lib-Dem

A

Conservative: 30.7
Labour: 40.3
Lib-Dem: 16.8

78
Q

1997 general election seats won by:
Conservative
Labour
Lib-Dem

A

Conservative: 165
Labour: 418
Lib-Dem: 46

A level History - Britain (11 decks)

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