Churchill and International diplomacy Dates Flashcards
Losses of the USSR during the war
9 million soldiers killed, 13 million civilian deaths
Atlantic Charter
1941
Pledge signed by US president FDR and Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war
Total British deaths during the war
452,000
Total US deaths during the war
420,000
How many deaths in Stalingrad?
1 million
When did the USA repeal the Neutrality Act?
November 1939
-It allowed Britain to purchase American arms.
USA declared a neutral zone along the coast of the USA and South America, which their navy patrolled to prevent sinking of merchant ships by the Germans.
October 1939
When and What was the Lend-Lease Act?
March 1941
Led to $31.6 billion of assistance going to the UK by 1945
In ________________, _______ old US destroyers were exchanged with Britain for leases to _____ British naval bases.
September 1940
50
8
When did Roosevelt use the phrase ‘arsenal of democracy’ to defend the sale of arms to Britain?
December 1940
In _________, US troops occupied Greenland and, on _________, Iceland, in order to stop Germany using either of them as a military base.
April 1941
1st July 1941
When and where was the first meeting of Churchill and Roosevelt?
In Placentia Bay in Canada in August 1941. This is where the Atlantic Charter was formed.
When did the USA enter the war?
On the 7th December 1941, Japan attacked the US pacific fleet in Pearl Harbour, and Hitler made his greatest mistake of declaring war on the USA.
Meetings between Churchill and Roosevelt in New York and Washington
June 1942
There he persuaded the USA against ‘Operation Sledgehammer’, an invasion of France to take pressure of the Russians
Tehran Conference
1943
- regarded Britain as a junior partner
Yalta
4 February 1945
Meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt in Casablanca
- January 1943
- Roosevelt approved the British strategy for invading Sicily and then Italy.
US pressure forced a date for the invasion of Northern France, May 1944.
In Washington, in May 1943
In the beginning of January 1942, how many troops came to Britain?
Over 1 million US troops came to Britain before being shipped to North Africa and Italy.
Meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill in Quebec
- 1943
- The USA favoured an attack on Southern France which Churchill did not
- Churchill favoured an attack on the Balkans
Chinese leader
Jiang Jieshi
When was the second meeting with Churchill and Roosevelt in Quebec
September 1944
Hitler Invades USSR
June 1941
when did churchill go to Moscow and what happened
He went to Moscow in August 1942 but there were disagreements about opening up a second front.
When was the Percentages Agreement?
October 1944 (4th Moscow Conference)
Details of the Percentages Agreement (3)
- Romania: 90% to Russia, 10% to others
- Greece: 90% to Great Britain, 10% to Russia
- Yugoslavia: 50% to Russia, 50% to Britain
Red army defeats Germany in Stalingrad
February 1943
Churchill bombs French Fleet to prevent them falling into German hands
1940
5 ships were sunk, killing 1300 French servicemen.
How many conferences were attended by world leaders?
Churchill: 16
Roosevelt: 12
Stalin: 7
Shows churchill’s determination and belief that Britain should be the forefront when making decisions
When was Zurich Speech?
1946
Churchill made a major speech in Zurich that added to his reputation as a major figure in the European movement.
Council of Europe
1949
800 influential Europeans meeting to establish a forum for co-operation.
When and what was the Iron Curtain speech?
- March 1946
- Churchill delivered a speech in Fulton, Missouri, during a visit to America.
- The speech was called ‘The Sinews of Peace’ but was seen as initiating the Cold War.
