Britain's position in the world, 1951-97, dates and stats Flashcards
When was the Berlin Blockade?
1948-49 - Britain and USA co-ordinated.
Marshal Scheme
1948 - USA gave Britain (and other countries) financial aid.
When was NATO formed?
1949
When and what was the Geneeva agreement?
1954 - divided Vietnam - Britain supported US.
When was the Suez Crisis?
1956 - not supported by USA - Eisenhower was furious.
When was the Vietnam war?
1955-75 - Britain did not provide USA with military aid (economic reasons)
When was Cuban Missile Crisis?
1962
Which police UN policy did both USA and Britain oppose?
UN sanction against apartheid regime in South Africa.
What war did USA lend military aid to under Thatcher?
Falklands war
When did US use British air bases and for what?
1986 - bomb Libya.
What was Reegan’s ‘Star Wars’ initiative?
Strategic Defence Initiative – laser capable of shooting incoming missiles - T sceptical of it.
USA invasion of Grenada?
1983 - to remove left-wing government.
Which war did USA and Britain co-operate to remove Iraq’s troops from Kuwait – after invasion by Saddam Hussein?
1st Gulf War
Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia?
1992-1995 - US and Britain collaborated in UN - Brought about Dayton Peace Accords.
When was the Korean War?
1950-53 - supported by Russian and China.
When was Hungarian revolt?
When was Czech Crisis?
1956
1968
When was the Berlin wall built?
1961
When did the UK expel soviet diplomats from the UK - how many?
100 Soviet diplomats form Britain 1971.
Fall of Stalin?
1953
When did Khrushchev visit Britain?
When did Macmillan Visit Moscow?
Khrushchev visited Britain 1956 – Macmillan – Moscow 1959.
Thatcher and Gorbachev state visits?
1984
Fall of USSR control?
Break up of USSR?
1989
1991
British Efforts in… paved way for Russia to join exclusive club of leading industrialised nations called…
1990
called G8
When did Yeltsin visit Britain and sign wide-ranging agreements – trade and military co-operation.
1992
where and where was the 1st meeting of general assembly and Security Council?
London Jan 1946.
England contribution to UN budget even in 2013-15?
6.7% of the total budget
Britain peacekeeping force for UN in Cyprus?
Since 1964
How many times has Britain used the right to veto?
Examples?
32 times since 1956
vetoed resolutions over demands for majority rule in Rhodesia – 1963-1976.
Britain vetoes UN condemning USA Libya bombing
1986
How many British troops deployed to support humanitarian and Peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia?
2,500
when was European Free Trade Area established?
1960
Countries in EFTA
UK, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland and Portugal
Britain’s rejection from EEC?
Why?
1961
France vetoed against Britain’s membership – president Charles de Gaulle – doubted British commitment to united Europe.
National referendum of EEC membership?
1975 - 2:1 to remain members.
Whenw as Britain accepted to EEC?
1973 - under Heath’s gov
EEC becomes European Union?
1993
When did Charle de Gaulle retire?
French president who vetoed Britain joining EEC
1969 - retired.
Britains membership of ERM?
Brief from 1990 - forced to exit - ensuing crash of 16 September 1992 was subsequently dubbed “Black Wednesday”.
When did Major sign treaty for greater economic + political union – did not accept common currency (euro)?
Maastricht Treaty 1991
Which European administrative agency did Britain not join - 1950s?
European Coal and Steel Community 1952
Which discussions/ treaty did Britain not partake in in 1950s?
Treaty of Rome in 1955 – Established European Economic Community.
Britain 1st nuclear bomb built?
1947 - detterent prior to NATO treaty.
NATO treaty commits the allies to come to the defense of all members in the event of an attack
1949
Macmillan persuades US (Kennedy) to supply Britain with Polaris missiles to carry British warheads?
1969
when was the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) founded?
1958
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) protest?
annual
in 1960 - over 100,000 protestors.
When did US, USSR and UK begin testing nuclear bombs?
1963 - space, underwater, in atmosphere.
Treaty not to share nuclear technologies with other nations?
1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
SALT treaties?
Strategic Arms and Limitations Treaties (SALT) 1972 and 1979 - Britain’s supply so insignificant - did not play a role.
USSR deploying SS-20 intermediate range missiles?
Mid 1970s
NATO powers – agreed to deploy US intermediate range cruise missiles in response to USSR?
1979
Protestor camp outside RAF and USAF base at Greenham Common in Berkshire?
1981 – women only – lasted 19 years.
‘Zero Option’ discussions?
Between Reagan and Gorbachev - complete abolition of nuclear weapons on both sides - Thatcher opposed.
Nuclear arsenals and USA and USSR decreased significantly?
After fall of the USSR in 1991.
When was the armistice signed to end the Korean War?
July 1953
How many troops killed in Korean War:
British
American
British: 700
American: 34,000
When was the Suez crisis?
1956
Since when had UK been a major share-soldier in the Anglo- French company running Suez Canal?
1875
What amount of oil supplies for Europe pass through Suez Canal?
2/3rds
British Cabinets admission about Nasser’s nationalisation of Suez Canal?
his ‘actions amounted to no more than a decision to buy out the shareholders.’
-Not illegal
When did Argentine troops invaded Falkland islands?
April 1982
When did Argentine troops retreat from Falkland islands?
June 1982 - British victory of Falkland War
When did Britain partake in Gulf War?
1991
What further war did Action in Kuwait lead to?
war in Iraq 2003 – far greater consequences.
Indian Independence?
1947
Ghana’s leader who offered to keep an independent Ghana in the commonwealth.
Nkrumah
Non-Alignment movement established?
1995 - independent nations – denounced colonial rule.
Colonial Wars:
Kenya
Cyprus
Malaya
Kenya against Mau Mau terrorists (1952-63)
Cyprus against EOKA opposition (1955-60).
Malaya (1948-60)
When did Apartheid end and South Africa re-join Commonwealth?
1994
When did South Africa withdraw from the Commonwealth?
1961 - over hostility to its Apartheid regime.
When did Rhodesia claim independence?
1961
Act restricting immigration from the Commonwealth?
1962 - Commonwealth Immigration Act.
