Thanatochemistry Exam 1 Flashcards
Al
Aluminum
Br
Bromine
Ca
Calcium
C
Carbon
Cl
Chlorine
Cu
Copper
F
Fluorine
He
Helium
H
Hydrogen
I
Iodine
Fe
Iron
Hg
Mercury
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
P
Phosphorous
Potassium
K
Sodium
Na
Sulfur
S
the branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes that matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes
Chemistry
What are the 5 Divisions of Chemistry
- Inorganic chemistry
- Organic chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Embalming chemistry
- Thanatochemistry
that branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of element, EXCLUDING (not containing) organic or certain carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry
that branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing compounds, the study of compounds that CONTAIN the element carbon
Organic Chemistry
that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by LIVING ORGANISMS
Biochemistry
the study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains
Embalming Chemistry
the study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death (the chemistry of death)
Thanatochemistry
What are the 4 ways of chemical measurements
Metric System
- Length- METER
- Volume-LITER
- Mass-KILOGRAM
- Heat-CALORIE (small c)
the standard metric unit for length
Meter
the standard unit of volume in the metric system
Liter
1,000 grams, the standard unit of mass in the metric system
Kilogram
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one (1) gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 15 degree Celsius at STP (standard temperature and pressure)
Calorie
What are the 3 scales to measure temperature
- F- Fahrenheit
- C- Celsius
- K- Kalvin
T/F no negative temperatures can exist on the Kalvin scale, do not use or say degree on the Kalvin scale?
True
What is the Freezing point of water?
32 degrees Fahrenheit
0 degrees Celsius
273 Kalvin
What is the boiling point of water?
212 degrees Fahrenheit
100 degrees Celsius
373 Kalvin
anything that occupies space & possesses mass
Matter
characteristics by which substances may be identified
properties
properties of a substance that are observed without a change in chemical composition, which include color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point
Physical Properties
What are the 4 physical properties of matter?
- State of Matter
- Solubility
- Density
- Specific gravity
a physical property of matter (solid, liquid, gas) condition or phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure
State of Matter
the measure of how well two substances mix
Solubility
the ration of the mass of a substance to its volume; (D=M/V…. density = mass divided by volume)
Density
a ratio of densities with water as the standard; blood is slightly denser than water
Specific gravity
characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a chemical change
Chemical Properties
what are the 2 chemical properties of matter?
- Combustibility
2. Reactivity
the rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light (ex: matches)
Combustibility
a change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical change in matter
What are the 2 physical changes in matter
- changes in state
2. solvation
the process of dissolving
solvation
a change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed
Chemical change in matter
What are the 3 chemical changes in matter
- Cremation of remains
- Decomposition of remains
- Preservation of remains (embalming)
What are the physical states of matter
- Gases
- Liquids
- Solids
a state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another, gases have NO definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container
Gases
What are the properties of Gases
- Liquefaction
- Condensation
- Vaporization
- Diffusion
conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid form as a result of physical or chemical change
Liquefaction
a change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid
Condensation
the physical change from a liquid to a gas
Vaporization
the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
a substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely
Liquids
What are the properties of Liquids
- Viscosity
- Surface tension
- Diffusion
- Solidification
- Crystallization
- Freezing
- Boiling
thickness; the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid
Viscosity
the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area (wetting agents; surfactants)
Surface tension
the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
a conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form
Solidification
the process by which a substance is given definite form
crystallization
a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat
Freezing
the rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor or gaseous state by forming bubbles through the action of heat, conversion of liquid to gas
Boiling
the condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume
Solid
What are the properties of solids
- Melting
2. Sublimation
the change in the state from a solid to a liquid, conversion of a solid to a liquid
Melting
to go from solid to gas without first passing through the liquid state; only two i.e. dry ice (CO2) & Iodine; a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
What are the types of matter based on composition
- Elements
- Compounds
- Mixture
the simplest substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
Elements
the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
Atom
an atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge; an atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained electron(s)
Ion
a charged entity consisting of only a single atom
Monatomic Ion
abbreviation for an element; the first letter is always and only capitalized, the maximum amount of letters in symbol is 3 the minimum is 1
Symbol
What are the 2 types of elements
- Metals
2. Non-metals
an element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat. These elements tend to lose electrons in chemical reaction and form positive ions (found on the left side of the darken staircase on the periodic table handout)
Metals
any element that is not a metal, These elements tend to gain electrons in chemical reaction and form negative ions (found on the right side of the darken staircase on the periodic table handout)
Non-metals
a substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass
Compounds
the smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance
Molecule(s), including diatomic
an ion composed of two atoms; two or more atoms of the same element that unite together to form a compound
Diatomic ions
a qualitative and quantitative expression of a compound using symbols and subjects to indicate the chemical constituents and their respective numbers
Formula
what are 4 examples of compounds
- Acids
- Bases
- Salts
- Oxides
a compound which has a pH below 7; it is acidic
Acids
a compound which has a pH above 7; it is alkaline
Bases
compounds which are formed in the reaction between an acid and base other than water
Salts
a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element (CO2 carbon dioxide)
Oxides
a combination of two or more substances NOT chemically united and NOT in definite proportion by mass
Mixture
What are 3 examples of Mixtures
- Air
- Embalming fluid
- Blood
the ability of a system or material to do work
Energy
energy that is stored
Potential Energy
energy of a body by virtue of its motion
Kinetic Energy
the smallest particle of an element is called the _________
atom
All atoms are composed of a central ___________ with protons and neutrons
Nucleus
the _________ move around the nucleus in _____________.
electrons Orbits/shells
the identity of elements are made by assignment of an ________________ which is identical to the number of protons in the nucleus
atomic number
______________ have no electrical charge — however they serve to offer stability to a nucleus
Neutrons
Atoms may join together to form _____________
molecules
Atoms of the same element which have identical chemical properties but different atomic weights are called ____________
isotopes
For any specific atom, the electrons in the outermost shell are called ___________ electrons
valence
atoms that are electrically charged because of a gain or loss of electrons are called__________
ions
the net attractive interaction between two atoms in a single molecule creates a ____________________
Chemical bond
_________ have a strong tendency to change from an unstable form with an incomplete outer shell to a more stable form with a complete outer shell with filled orbitals
ions
those things which hold elements together to form new substances are called ___________
Chemical bonds
Compounds in which the atoms are held together by ionic bonds are called ______________ compounds
ionic
these determine an element’s chemical properties __________
valence electrons
when electrons are shared between atoms a condition of __________ bonding occurs
covalent
a subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom; it has a relative mass of 1 and an electrical charge of +1
Proton
a neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton; it is normally found in the nucleus of an atom and has NO electrical charge
Neutron
a subatomic particle with a negative -1 electrical charge and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton; electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom
Electron
The atomic number of an atom is equal to ___________
number of protons in the nucleus of that atom
The atomic weight of an atom is equal to _______________
number of protons plus number of neutrons in the nucleus of that element
Helium has an atomic number of 2 and an atomic weight of 4; How many protons does Helium have
2
Helium has an atomic number of 2 and an atomic weight of 4; How many electrons does Helium have
2
Helium has an atomic number of 2 and an atomic weight of 4; How many neutrons does Helium have
4
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12 how many protons does Carbon have
6
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12 how many electrons does Carbon have
6
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12 how many neutrons does Carbon have
6
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic weight of 14 how many protons does Nitrogen have
7
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic weight of 14 how many electrons does Nitrogen have
7
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic weight of 14 how many neutrons does Nitrogen have
7
Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons how many electrons does Beryllium have
4
Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons what is the atomic number of Beryllium
4
Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons what is the atomic weight of Beryllium
9.0
Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons how many electrons does Fluorine have
9
Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons what is the atomic number of Fluorine
9
Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons what is the atomic weight of Fluorine
19
the abbreviation for an element is a ___________
symbol
the abbreviation for a compound is a ___________
formula
a number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula is called _____________
a coefficient (# of molecules in that element)
a number written to the right and slightly below a symbol or formula is called ___________
a subscript (total # of atoms in the element)
Formulas are usually expressed as the ___________ portion written first; and a non-metallic portion written last
metallic
__________ usually have positive oxidation numbers; whereas ___________ usually have negative oxidation numbers
Metals Non-metals
