Grief Counseling Exam 1 Flashcards
the scientific study of human behavior
psychology
the study of human behavior as related to funeral service
Funeral service psychology
the experience of the emotion of grief… a state of deprivation of something valuable
Bereavement
an adjustment process which grief and/or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved
Mourning
an emotion or set of emotions due to a loss
Grief
the study of death
thanatology
an irrational, exaggerated fear of death
thanatophobia
advice, especially that gives as a result of consultation
counseling- webster
anytime someone helps someone else with a problem
counseling- Edgar Jackson
good communication, within and between men; or good (free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic
counseling- Carl Rogers
an individual who provides assistance and guidance
Counselor
a treatment for emotionally disturbed persons who seek (or are referred for) assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or character disorders
psychotherapy
What are the needs of the bereaved
- to confirm reality
- to establish stability and security
- to receive emotional support
- to express emotions
- to modify emotional ties to the deceased
- to provide a basis for building new inter-personal relationships
What are the Purposes and Values of the Funeral Rite
- the opportunity to receive and express love
- to show respect for the family, friends, and the deceased
- To provide an opportunity to express grief
- provides for a face to face confrontation with death… confirm the reality that death has occurred
- to gain emotional support through sharing…“Joy expressed is joy increased, grief shared is grief diminished”
- Theological, psychological and social needs of those who mourn are nourished
- provides an opportunity for farewell through ritual
- Provides a dramatic presentation of the fact that a life has been lived by reflecting upon memories of the deceased
- Helps establish emotional stability through social support network
- Establishes a socially accepted climate for mourning and expression of feelings
The Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief; he introduced the Grief Syndrome?
Eric Lindemann
Eric Lindemann discovered 5 patterns of behaviors what are they?
- Somatic or bodily distress of some type
- Preoccupation with the image of the deceased
- Guilt relating to the deceased or circumstances of the death
- Hostile reactions
- Inability to function as before the loss
Who developed the attachment theory… Post Loss Grief
John Bowlby
What make up the attachment theory
- attachments come from a need for security and safety
- Situations that endanger the bond of attachment give rise to emotional reactions
- the greater the potential for loss, the more intense the reaction
Who developed the 5 stages of Death and Dying
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
What are the 5 Stages of Death and Dying
- Denial and Isolation
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
Who developed the Four Tasks of Mourning
William Worden
What are the 4 tasks of Mourning
- to accept the reality of the loss
- to work through the pain and grief
- to adjust to an environment in which the deceased is missing
- to emotionally relocate the deceased and move on with life
who wrote the early paper “Mourning and Melancholia;”
Sigmund Freud
Freud called depression what?
melancholia
Freud pointed out that depression (melancholia) was a _________ form of normal grief
Pathological
who came up with the concept of grief work
Sigmund Freud
Grief work implies what?
that the mourner needs to take action
Who developed the four phases of mourning
C.M. Parks
What are the 4 phases of mourning
- period of numbness
- phase of yearning
- Phase of disorganization and despair
- Phase of reorganization behavior
who developed the manifestations of normal grief?
William Worden
what are the manifestations of normal grief?
- Feelings
- Physical Sensations
- Cognitions
- Behaviors
what is the most common feeling in William Worden’s manifestations of normal grief?
Sadness
What are the feelings of William Worden’s manifestations of normal grief?
Sadness* Anger* Guilt* Self-reproach Anxiety Loneliness Fatigue Helplessness Shock Yearning Emancipation Relief Numbness
What are the physical sensations of William Worden’s manifestations of normal grief
Hollowness in the stomach tightness in the chest tightness in the throat oversensitivity to noise sense of depersonalization feeling short of breath weakness in the muscles lack of energy dry mouth
What are the Cognitions of William Worden’s manifestations of normal grief
Disbelief Confusion Preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased Sense of presence Hallucinations
Cognitions are something that you told… they cannot be observed
True
What are the behaviors of William Worden’s manifestations of normal grief
Sleep disturbances appetite disturbances absentminded behavior social withdrawal Dreams of the deceased avoiding reminders of the deceased searching and calling out sighing restless over activity visiting places or carrying objects that remind the survivor of the deceased treasuring objects that belonged to the deceased
Behaviors are something that you can observe
True
Who developed the Mediators of Mourning
William Worden
What are the 8 Mediators of Mourning
- Who the person that died was
- ** Nature of the attachment
- ** Mode of death
- Historical antecedents
- Personality variables
- Social variables
- Concurrent stresses
- Circumstantial factors influencing grief
strength and security of the attachment, ambivalence in relationship, conflicts with the deceased, dependent relationships
Nature of the attachment
Natural (long or short duration), accidental, suicide, homicide
Mode of Death
previous losses and how these were grieved
Historical antecedents
age and gender of the survivor, person’s coping style, attachment style, cognitive style, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and person’s beliefs and values
Personality variables
support availability, support satisfaction, social role involvements, religious resources, and ethnic expectations
Social variables
involvement of hospice, use of a living will
Circumstantial factors influencing grief
the intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant
Acute Grief
Blame directed toward another person
Anger*
a term describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with they dying and the dead
Anomic Grief
a syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition
Anticipatory Grief
the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety
Attachment Theory (Bowlby)
the act of event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief
Bereavement
grief extending over a long period of time without resolve
Complicated (unresolved, chronic) Grief
a therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons
Counseling (Ohlsen)
the defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self
Denial
a defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who provided the anger originally
Displaced Aggression
the ability to enter into and share the feelings of others
Empathy (Wolfelt)
helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame
Grief counseling
specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions
Grief Therapy (Worden)
blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions
Guilt**
historically an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition
Hospice
an adjustment process that involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved
Mourning
intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologist. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness
Psychotherapy (Jackson)
the assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others
Shame**
the reaction of the body to an event; often experienced emotionally as a sudden violent, and upsetting disturbance
Shock
guilt felt by family and friends after a death
Survivor Guilt
sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss
Sympathy
