Thalamus and Internal Capsule

Question 1

Dopamine

Answer 1

Neurons located in the midbrain, either the substantial nigra, or closer to the midline in the ventral segmental area.
-project to putamen and caudate nucleus. Ventral Tegmental neurons project to an assortment of limbic structures (usually frontal) cortical areas.

Question 2

Norepinephrine

Answer 2

In PNS, found in postganglionic sympathetic neurons. In the CNS, some are int the medullary reticular formation, but most are pigmented neurons of the locus ceruleus. They project to every part of the CNS.

Question 3

Serotonin

Answer 3

Located in the raphe nuclei, near the midline of the brainstem, project practically everywhere.

Question 4

Acetylcholine

Answer 4

Important in the PNS, located in LMN, preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. Largest collection in the basal nucleus of Meynert.

Question 5

Cerebellum, basal ganglia

Answer 5

Project to motor areas of the cerebral cortex by way of VA &VL.

Question 6

Hippocampus (via mammillary body)

Answer 6

The mammilary body, where much of the fornix ends, projects to the anterior nucleus, whose cortical target is the cingulate gyrus, a prominent limbic cortical area.

Question 7

Somatosensory pathways

Answer 7

The parts of the medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tracts representing the body end in the VPL and their trigeminal components end in the VPM. This projects to the post central gyrus and a few other areas.

Question 8

Optic tract

Answer 8

The optic tract ends in the lateral geniculate nucleus, which in turn projects to the occipital lobe, in and near the calcarine sulcus.

Question 9

The auditory pathway

Answer 9

The auditory pathway, the inferior brachium ends in the medial geniculate nucleus, which in turn projects to superior surface of the temporal lobe.

Question 10

Two large expanses of association cortex (2):

Answer 10

1. In front of motor areas (prefrontal cortex) (dorosmedial nucleus (DM))
2. One at the junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes (pluvial/LP nuclei)

Question 11

Relay nuclei

Answer 11

Receive specific inputs via well-defined fairly discrete input bundles, and project to restricted cortical areas with single functions.

Question 12

Association nuclei

Answer 12

Receive specific inputs mainly from association cortex, and project back to related areas of association cortex.

Question 13

Reticular nucleus

Answer 13

the thalamic reticular nucleus doesn’t project to the cerebral cortex at all. It samples the activity in fibers that traverse it (both those from thalamus to cortex and the reverse, and then sends inhibitory (GABA) projections back to adjacent parts of the thalamus. Plays a major role in things like sleep-wakefullness cycles.

Question 14

Anterior Limb of internal capsule

Answer 14

Btw lenticular and caudate BG

Question 15

Posterior Limb o f the internal capsule

Answer 15

Btw lenticular and thalamus

Question 16

Sublenticular part of internal capsule

Answer 16

Under the lenticular BG

Question 17

Retrolenticular part

Answer 17

Behind the lenticular BG

Question 18

Corona Radiata

Answer 18

White fibers right before they enter the internal capsule

Question 19

Perforating branches form the middle cerebral artery

Answer 19

Posterior limb IC

Question 20

Perforating branches from the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 20

anterior limb IC

Question 21

Perforating branches from the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 21

retro-and sublenticular limb