Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Striatum (3 parts)
putamen + caudate + nuc. accumbens
Pallidum
Globus pallidus, exertnal and internal segments
Basal Ganglia Connections
Cortex to basal ganglia, computation in basal ganglia, goes to thalamus, goes back to cerebral cortex.
Output from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is ______.
inhibitory
The input module of the basal ganglia is the _______.
Striatum
The output module of the basal ganglia is the _______.
GPi
The anatomical direct pathway is the _____ pathway.
GO
The anatomical indirect pathway is the _____ pathway.
NO GO
Two rules of the basal ganglia (2)
- All of the output neurons of the striatum are GABA-ergic and thus inhibitory.
- The only glutamergic neurons (excitatory) of the basal ganglia are in the STN(sub thalamic nucleus)
Direct pathway: Circuit to facilitate movement.
Putamen inhibits the globus pallidus internal which is disinhibition, giving a GO signal.
The substantial nigra can turn on the _____ pathway. Other cells can turn off the ______ pathway.
Direct, Indirect
*Therefore they turn on movement, they are pro movement
In parkinson disease there is a loss of dopamine in the substantial nigra so people move ______.
slowly
The cells of the indirect pathway in the putamen have ______ receptors that are ________ (inhibitory/excitatory).
D-2 receptors, inhibitory
The cells of the direct pathway in the putamen have ______ receptors that are ________ (inhibitory/excitatory).
D-1 receptors, excitatory
Hypo kinetic disorders
Parkinson’s Disease is the best known example
- characterized by impaired initiation of movement (akinesia) and also by reduced amplitude and velocity of voluntary movement (bradykinesia)
- usually accompanied by muscular rigidity and tremor
