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Neuroscience > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Epithalamus

A

PINEAL and HABENULAR

Pineal: endocrine organ, releases melatonin, controlled by sympathetics

Habenular nuclei: Limbic relay nuclei goes into brain stem
-“negative reward” by suppressing mesolimic dopamine reward

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2
Q

Dorsal Thalamus

A

Primary site of relay for all sensory pathways to cerebral cortex

ALSO site of RELAY for cerebellar and basal ganngliar feedback to cortex

Almost all thalamic nuclei project into cortex
Each nucleus receives reciprocal connections from cortex

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3
Q

Internal Medullary Lamina

A

Splits thalamus

Intra laminar nuclei

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4
Q

Medial Geniculate

A

Hearing relay

Tonotopically organized input from inferior colliculus

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5
Q

Types of Thalamic Input

A
  1. Input relayed to cortex

2. Modulatory input pathways that effect transmission

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6
Q

Thalamic Modulation

A

Each nuclei contains many inhibitory interneurons (GABA and peptidergic)

Neuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems terminate in nuclei

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7
Q

Two states of thalamic projection neurons

A
  1. Tonic mode

2. Burst/oscillatory mode

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8
Q

Tonic Mode

A

Neurons respond normally to stimuli (i.e. Depolarization and hyperpolarization)

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9
Q

Burst mode

A

Tonically hyperpolarized

T CALCIUM CHANNELS open

-> depolarization and burst of potentials

State of intrinsic rhythmicity

BURST neurons can’t communicate specific information

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10
Q

Anterior Thalamus

A

One nuclei

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11
Q

Medial Thalamus

A

Medial Dorsal Nucleus

Midline nuclei

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12
Q

Lateral Region

A

Ventral:

  • V. Posterior (Medial and Lateral)
  • V. Lateral
  • V. Anterior

Lateral:

  • Pulvinar
  • L. Posterior
  • L. Dorsal
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13
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, epi thalamus, hypothalamus

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14
Q

Metathalamus

A

Posterior of Pulvinar

Medial Geniculate Body (auditory relay)

Lateral Geniculate Body (visual relay)

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15
Q

4 types of thalamic nuclei

A
  1. Relay
  2. Association
  3. Nonspecific
  4. Reticular Thalamic
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16
Q

Relay Nuclei

A

nuclei that receive well defined input from a specific nucleus and project to distinct cerebral cortical targets

Primary sensations: VPL, VPM, MG, LG

Cerebellar relay: VL

Basal ganglia: VL, VA

17
Q

VPL and VPM

A

Somatosensory relay

VPL = medial lemniscal and spinothalamic connections

VPM = Trigeminal input

18
Q

Lateral Geniculate

A

Vision relay

Retinotopic input from optic tract from contralateral visual world

19
Q

VL

A

Input from cerebellum, mainly dentate nucleus

Projects to primary motor cortex

20
Q

VA

A

Input from basal ganglia

Projects to premotor cortex

Involved in planning and initiating movements

21
Q

Association nuclei

A

Largest is up

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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