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Neuroscience > Contents of the Orbit > Flashcards

Contents of the Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the eye surrounds the pupil?

A

Iris

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2
Q

What layer covers the iris?

A

Cornea

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3
Q

Where do the eyelids meet?

A

Lateral/Medial CANTHUS

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4
Q

What shape is the orbit and where does it face?

A

Cone shaped

Directed anterolateral

Axis of orbit different than axis of eye

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5
Q

What structure holds the contents of the orbit?

A

Peri orbits

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6
Q

What runs through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Where is it?

A

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

Abducens Nerve (VI)

Ophthalmic Vein

B/w greater and lesser sphenoid wings

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7
Q

What runs through the Optic Canal?

Where is it?

A

Optic Nerve

Ophthalmic Artery

Lesser Sphenoid Wing

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8
Q

What runs through the…

Inferior Orbital Fissure?

Zygomatic Foramen?

Ethmoid Canals?

A

IOF: Zygomatic Nerve (V2)

ZF: Zygomatic Nerve (V2)

EC: anterior and posterior ethmoid nerves (V1)

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9
Q

What are the muscles in the orbit?

A

Levator palpebrae

Superior rectus
Inferior recus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus

Superior oblique
Inferior oblique

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10
Q

What connects the muscles of the eye?

What’s the exception?

A

Tendinous Ring - Annulus tendineous

EXCEPT inferior oblique, arises from anterior floor

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11
Q

Describe horizontal eye movement

A

Lateral Recuts = Abducts

Medial Rectus = Adducts

Simple movement

single muscle movements

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12
Q

Describe general vertical eye movement

A

very complex

Eyeball different orientation than the orbit
-> muscles from orbit pull eye in multiple directions

never one muscle alone

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13
Q

What is the movement of the Superior Oblique?

A

Depress

Abduct

Intort

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14
Q

What is the movement of the Inferior Oblique?

A

Elevate

Extorts

Abbduct

Attaches to lateral eye from below

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15
Q

What is movement of superior rectus?

A

Elevate

Intort

Adduct

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16
Q

What is movement of Inferior Rectus?

A

Depress

Extort

Adduct

17
Q

What muscles do you use to look up? Down?

A

Upgaze:

  • Superior Rectus
  • Inferior Oblique

Downgaze:
Inferior Rectus
Superior Oblique

18
Q

What happens when muscles don’t work together to cancel out?

A

Double vision

19
Q

What’s the best way to test eye movement?

A

6 positions of gaze = H pattern

Adduct (MR)

  • > elevate (IO)
  • > depress (SO)

Abduct (LR)

  • > elevate (SR)
  • > depress (IR)
20
Q

What elevates the eyelid?

A

Levator Palpebrae
-attaches to tarsal plate

Paralysis -> ptosis

(Superior tarsal muscle helps) - sympathetic

21
Q

What is the sensory nerve of the orbit and it’s three major divisions?

A

Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal (V1)

Frontal (superior)

Nasociliary (medial)

Lacrimal (lateral)

22
Q

What does the frontal nerve supply?

A

2 branches

  1. Supra orbital =forehead
  2. Supratrochlear = medial eyebrow
23
Q

What does nasociliary nerve do?

A

Parallels ophthalmic artery

3ish terminal branches

  1. Infratroclear (med can of eye)
  2. Anterior ethmoidal (into nasal cavity)
  3. Long ciliary (outer coverings and cornea)
24
Q

Lacrimal nerve?

A

Lateral part of eyebrow

25
Q

Are there parasympathetics in the eye?

A

Follow Oculomotor nerve

Ciliary ganglion and short ciliary

Constrict pupil

Contract ciliary muscle (changes lens)

26
Q

How does the lens change focus?

A

FAR focus:

  • ciliary muscles relaxed
  • > intra ocular pressure pulls ligaments
  • > lens flattened

NEAR focus:

  • ciliary muscles contract
  • > tension of suspense ligaments
  • > lens rounded (relaxed)
27
Q

What is the role of sympathetics in the eye?

A

DILATE pupil

Elevate eyelid

28
Q

How is blood supplied to the eye?

A

Through OPHTHALMIC ARTERY

Central retinal artery follows optic nerve

Follows nasociliary nerve and branches similarly

Supraorbital branch meets up with so nerve

29
Q

What should you note about the veins of the eye?

A

Infections can spread from sinuses, pharynx, orbit to the cavernous sinus

Very very bad

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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