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thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

the thalamus is the ______ diencephalic subdivision

A

largest

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2
Q

the thalamus relays ______

A

all main sensory systems except olfactory pathway

motor inputs from cerebellum and basal ganglia

limbic inputs

modulatory inputs involved in behavioral arousal and sleep-wake cycles

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3
Q

the thalamus is found bet _____

A

interventricular foramen and posterior commissure

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4
Q

it extends from ____ to _____

A

rom 3rd ventricle to medial border of the posterior limb of internal capsule

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5
Q

it is dorsal to _____

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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6
Q

anterior end is _____ in shape

A

narrow and rounded

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7
Q

posterior end is _____ in shape

A

expanded

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8
Q

anterior end forms _____

A

posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen

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9
Q

posterior end forms _____

A

pulvinar

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10
Q

the pulvinar overhangs _____

A

superior colliculus and superior brachium

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11
Q

what is the LGB

A

small elevation on the under aspect of the lateral portion of the pulvinar

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12
Q

sup surface is covered by _____

A

tela choroidea and fornix

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13
Q

inf surface is cont with _____

A

tegmentum of midbrain

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14
Q

medial surface forms ______

A

superior part of the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle

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15
Q

medial surface is connected to opposite thalamus via _____

A

interthalamic connection

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16
Q

lateral surface is covered by _____

A

ependyma

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17
Q

lateral surface forms _____

A

part of the floor of the lateral ventricle

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18
Q

relate lateral surface, lentiform and internal capsule

A

lateral surface is separated from lentiform nucleus by internal capsule

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19
Q

sup surface subdivision is covered by _____

A

striatum zonale - white matter

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20
Q

lat surface subdivision is covered by _____

A

external medullary lamina

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21
Q

divides the thalamus into medial and lateral halves

A

internal medullary lamina

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22
Q

describe structure of internal medullary lamina

A

y-shaped anterosuperiorly

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23
Q

subdivision of the thalamus

A

Anterior

Lateral

Medial

Midline

Intralaminar nuclei

Reticular nuclei

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24
Q

anterior thalamic nuc is closely assoc w

A

limbic system

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25
Q

anterior thalamic nuc is responsible for _____

A

emotional tone and mechanisms of recent memory

26
Q

dorsomedial nuc is respo for

A

integration of sensory info, somatic, visceral and olfactory in relation to emotion and subjective states

27
Q

the lateral part is further divided into

A

dorsal and ventral tier

28
Q

parts of dorsal tier of lateral part

A

Lateral Dorsal Nucleus

Lateral Posterior Nucleus

Pulvinar

29
Q

the dorsal tier has interconnection w

A

other thalamic nuclei and with parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and occipital and temporal lobes

30
Q

parts of ventral tier of lateral part

A

Ventral Anterior

Ventral Lateral

Ventral Posterior
- Ventral Posteromedial (VPM)
- Ventral Posterolateral (VPL)

31
Q

Ventral Anterior nuc influences

A

motor cortex activity

32
Q

ventral lateral nucleus projects to

A

motor and premotor regions = motor activity

33
Q

VPM recieves _____

A

ascending trigeminal and gustatory pathways

34
Q

VPL receives ____

A

ascending sensory tracts, the medial and spinal leminiscus

35
Q

thalamocortical projections pass through ____ to _____

A

posterior limb of internal capsule and corona radiata to postcentral gyrus area 3, 1 and 2

36
Q

nuc found within internal medullary lamina

A

Intralaminar Nuclei

37
Q

Intralaminar Nuclei is for

A

consciousness and alertness

38
Q

found adjacent to 3rd ventricle and in the interthalamic connections

A

midline nuclei

39
Q

midline nuclei receive

A

afferents from reticular formation

40
Q

reticular nuc is bet

A

external medullary lamina and posterior limb of internal capsule

41
Q

reticular nuc is concerned w ____

A

how cerebral cortex regulates thalamic activity

42
Q

swelling on posterior surface of thalamus below pulvinar

43
Q

MGB receives

A

auditory information from both ears but predominantly from the contralateral one

44
Q

Swelling under the pulvinar of the thalamus

45
Q

LGB function

A

Receives visual information from the opposite visual field

46
Q

3 main categories of thalamic nuc

A

relay
intralaminar
reticular

47
Q

relay nuc receive _____

A

input from numerous pathways then project to cortex

48
Q

what are the specific thalamic relay nuclei

A

latera and anterior nuclear group

49
Q

lateral nuclear group purpose

A

all sensory except olfaction from lateral thalamus to primary cortical areas

50
Q

anterior nuclear group purpose

A

limbic pathways to anterior cingulate gyrus

51
Q

discuss the widely projecting or nonspecific thalamic relay nuclei

A

Visual and other sensory inputs to pulvinar are relayed to large regions of the parietal, temporal, and occipital association cortex for behavioral orientation toward relevant stimuli

52
Q

discuss Mediodorsal nucleus, midline and intralaminar nuclei

A

Diffuse relays of limbic inputs and other information involved in cognitive functions

53
Q

major relayt owards frontral association cortex

A

mediodorsal

54
Q

main input and output of intralaminar nuc is from

A

basal ganglia

55
Q

Caudal intralaminar nuclei found in

A

centromedian nucleus

56
Q

Caudal intralaminar nuclei involved in

A

basal ganglia circuitry

57
Q

Rostral intralaminar nuclei involved in

A

Basal ganglia, reticular activating system to cortex

58
Q

reticular nuc is lateral to the ______, just medial to _______

A

lateral to the rest of the thalamus, just medial to internal capsule

59
Q

Only nucleus of the thalamus that does not project to the cortex

A

reticular nucleus

60
Q

function of reticular nuc

A

Regulate thalamic activity - has GABAergic neurons = inhib

neuro 3rd shift (12 decks)

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