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neuro 3rd shift > pituitary + hypothalamus > Flashcards

pituitary + hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gland is aka

A

hypophysis

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2
Q

the pituitary gland is derived from ______

A

2 diff embryological pouches - adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

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3
Q

discuss adenohypophysis

A

forms anterior pituitary - from ectoderm cells from roof of pharynx = rathke’s pouch

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4
Q

the anterior pituitary contains ______

A

glandular cells that secrete hormones

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5
Q

release of hormones by anterior pituitary is controlled by ______

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

discuss the neurohypophysis

A

forms posterior pituitary from floor of ventricular system

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7
Q

the posterior pituitary contains ______

A

axons and axon terminals from cells in hypothalamus

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8
Q

the posterior pituitary secretes ______

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

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9
Q

the hypothalamus is ____ to optic chiasm

A

posterior to optic chiasm but some portions are dorsal to optic chiasm

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10
Q

bulge between optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

A

tuber cinereum

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11
Q

the infundibulum arises from the _____

A

tuber cinereum

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12
Q

the infundibulum continues inferiorly as the _____

A

pituitary stalk

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13
Q

significance of median eminence

A

region where hypothalamic nuc release regulating factors

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14
Q

regulating factors released by median eminence are carried by _____ to _____

A

carried by portal vessels to the anterior pituitary

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15
Q

pituitary gland lies within the ______

A

pituitary fossa

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16
Q

saddle shaped depression on the sphenoid bone

A

sella turcica

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17
Q

the sella turcica houses the ______

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

found beneath the floor of sella turcica

A

sphenoid sinus

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19
Q

dura covering the superior portion of the pituitary fossa

A

Diaphragma Sella

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20
Q

_____ traverses the diaphragma sella

A

pituitary stalk

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21
Q

the pituitary fossa is bound laterally by _____

A

cavernous sinus

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22
Q

the pituitary fossa lie behind and inferior to the _____

A

optic chiasm

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23
Q

from optic chiasm to lamina terminalis and anterior commissure

A

preoptic area

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24
Q

the preoptic area merges caudally c _____

A

midbrain tegmentum

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25
Q

how does the hypothalamus maintain homeostasis

A

by interacting with and exerting regulatory influences over other systems

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26
Q

how does hypothalamus have endocrine control

A

via pituitary gland

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27
Q

3 areas of hypothalamus from medial to lateral

A

periventricular
medial
lateral

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28
Q

lies closest to the 3rd ventricle

A

Periventricular Nucleus

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29
Q

fibers of the _____ pass through hypothalamus otw to _____

A

fornix pass through the hypothalamus otw to mammillary body

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30
Q

fibers of the fornix pass through the hypothalamus on the way to the mammillary body, dividing it to

A

medial and lateral hypothalamic area

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31
Q

what is found in the lateral hypothalamic area

A

lat hypothalamic nucleus, medial forebrain bundle and other nuc

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32
Q

it runs through the lateral hypothalamic area in rostrocaudal direction

A

medial forebrain bundle

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33
Q

the medial forebrain bundle carry connection to and from _____

A

hypothalamus

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34
Q

4 regions of medial hypothalamic area from anterior to posterior

A

preoptic
anterior or supraoptic
midlle hypothalamic (tuberal)
posterior hypothalamix

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35
Q

what is found on preoptic region

A

lateral and medial preoptic nucleus

continuations of lateral and medial hypothalamic area rostrally

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36
Q

what is found on the anterior region

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus

suprachiasmatic nucleus

37
Q

the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus contain

A

oxytocin or vasopressin to project to the posterior pituitary

38
Q

function of suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

“master clock” for circadian rhythms

39
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus receive inputs from

A

retinal ganglion cells

40
Q

what does the middle hypothalamic region contain

A

arcuate nucleus

41
Q

function of arcuate nucleus

A

project to median eminence to control pituitary

42
Q

structure responsible for hypothalamic control of ANS

A

paraventricular nuc - mainly

dorsomedial hypothalamic nuc, lateral and posterior hypothalamus

43
Q

discuss connections of ANS control

A

medial forebrain bundle to dorsolateral brainstem and periaqueductal gray matter

44
Q

MFB synapse c _____ in brainstem

A

preganglionic PSY nuclei

45
Q

MFB synapse c ____ in sacral spinal cord

A

intermediate zone

46
Q

MBF synapse c _____ in intermediolateral cell column of thoracolumbar SC

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

47
Q

discuss hypothalamic-limbic pathway

A

hippocampal formation to mammillary body via fornix

then mammillary body to anterior thalamic nucleus

48
Q

discuss mammillary body to anterior thalamic nucleus

A

via mammillothalamic tract then to cingulate gyrus

49
Q

amygdala has _____

A

reciprocal connections

50
Q

amygdala has reciprocal connections via

A

stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathways

51
Q

function of hypothalamic-limbic pathways

A

emotional influence on autonomic and homeostatic pathways and immune system

physical expression of emotion

52
Q

nucleus found in hypothalamic-limbic pathway

A

lateral hypothalamic and ventromedial

53
Q

function of lateral hypothalamic nucleus in ANS

A

rage

54
Q

function of ventromedial nucleus in ANS

A

passivity

55
Q

function of lateral hypothalamus

A

hunger center - appetite

56
Q

lesion on lateral hypothalamus

A

cause decrease body weight

57
Q

function of medial hypothalamus

A

satiety center - inhibits appetite

58
Q

what specific nucleus inhibits appetite

A

ventromedial nucleus

59
Q

lesion in medial hypothalamus

A

cause obesity

60
Q

hormone released by adipose tissue

A

leptin

61
Q

leptin binds to _____ in hypothalamus

A

Ob receptors

62
Q

function of leptin

A

reduce appetite

63
Q

secreted by gastric mucosal cells

A

ghrelin

64
Q

ghrelin binds to _____

A

hypothalamus

65
Q

function of ghrelin

A

stimulates appetite

66
Q

exp how thirst is felt

A

activation of osmoreceptors in anterior regions of hypothalamus

67
Q

regions of hypothalamus responsible in thermoregulation

A

anterior and posterior hypothalamus

68
Q

discuss role of anterior hypothalamus in thermoregulation

A

detects inc in body - activates heat dissipation, vasodilation and sweating

69
Q

discuss role of posterior hypothalamus in thermoregulation

A

conserves heat - heat production, vasoconstriction, inhib sweating, shivering

70
Q

hormone for sexual desire and motivational states

A

oxytocin

71
Q

oxytocin is produced in _____ and released in _____

A

produced in hypothalamus and released in posterior pituitary

72
Q

function of oxytocin in mothers

A

Increase nurturing behaviors

73
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

o Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
o Growth hormone (GH)
o Prolactin (PRL)
o Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
o Luteinizing hormone (LH)
o Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

74
Q

what controls anterior pituitary

A

hypothalamus via releasing or release inhibiting factors thereby controlling hormone production of anterior pituitary

75
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

oxytocin

vasopressin - arginine vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone

76
Q

release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by hypothalamus through _______

A

hypophysial portal system

77
Q

pituitary gland receives arterial blood from _____

A

inferior and superior hypophysial arteries

78
Q

neurons lying adjacent to the 3rd venticle project to the

A

median eminence

79
Q

what are the neurons adjacent to 3rd vent

A

arcuate nucleus, periventricular nucleus, medial parvocellular portions of the paraventricular nucleus

79
Q

hormones in hypophyseal portal system are carried by _____ to anterior pituitary

A

hypophysial portal veins

80
Q

hormones from pituitary area picked up by _____ of the portal system

A

secondary capillary plexus

81
Q

from secondary capillary plexus it is then carried by _____ to ______

A

draining veins to cavernous sinus

82
Q

oxytocin is synthesized in which nuclei

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

83
Q

discuss hypothalamohypophyseal tract

A

for oxytocin and vasopressin

pass along axons the absorbed in fenestrated capillaries of post lobe of pituitary then secreted dun din

84
Q

vasopressin is synthesized in which nuclei

A

supraoptic nucleus

85
Q

function of vasopressin

A

vasoconstriction and anti-diuretic

inc absorption of water

86
Q

relate supraoptic nuc and kidneys

A

supraoptic nuc acts as a osmoreceptor; high osmotic BP = inc vasopressin = inc water reabsorption of kidney

87
Q

function of oxytocin

A

contraction of smooth muscles in uterus and myoepithelial cells in alveoli and breast duct for milk

88
Q

regulates release of hormones

A

Hypothalamic – Pituitary Axis

neuro 3rd shift (12 decks)

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