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neuro 3rd shift > basal ganglia > Flashcards

basal ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

basal ganglia is a collection of _____

A

gray matter nuclei

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2
Q

basal ganglia can be found deep within _____

A

cerebral white matter

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3
Q

what are the components of the basal ganglia

A

caudate nuc
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nuc
substantia nigra
nucleus accumbens

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4
Q

it is made up by the caudate nuc and putamen

A

striatum or neostriatum

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5
Q

globus pallidus is aka

A

paleostriatum or pallidum

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6
Q

subthalamic nuc is aka

A

nucleus of Luys

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7
Q

it is made up by the caudate nuc, putamen and globus pallidus

A

corpus striatum

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8
Q

it is made up by the putamen and globus pallidus

A

lentiform nucleus

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9
Q

elongated arched gray cellular mass related throughout its extent to the lateral ventricle

A

Caudate Nucleus

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10
Q

Caudate Nucleus lies lateral to the _____

A

thalamus

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11
Q

the lateral surface of the caudate nuc is related to the _____

A

internal capsule

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12
Q

the internal capsule separates the caudate from the ______

A

lentiform nucleus

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13
Q

the head of the caudate protrudes into _____

A

anterior horn of lateral ventricle

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14
Q

the body of caudate is _____ to the thalamus

A

dorsolateral to the thalamus

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15
Q

the body of caudate us near _____

A

lateral wall of the lateral ventricle

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16
Q

the tail of caudate follows the curvature of the _____

A

inferior horn of lateral ventricle

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17
Q

the tail of caudate enters the ____ and terminates at ______

A

enters the temporal lobe

terminates at the region of the amygdaloid complex

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18
Q

the caudate nuc is _____ in shape

A

C-shaped

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19
Q

the lentiform nuc is _____ shaped

A

wedge shaped

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20
Q

the apex of the lentiform is directed _____

A

medially

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21
Q

the base of the lentiform is directed _____

A

laterally

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22
Q

outer and inner of lentiform nuc

A

outer putamen and inner globus pallidus

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23
Q

the lentiform nuc can be found bet _____

A

internal and external capsule

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24
Q

the lentiform is related medially to _____

A

internal capsule

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25
Q

the lentiform is related laterally to _____

A

external capsule

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26
Q

the external capsule separates lentiform from _____

A

claustrum

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27
Q

most lateral part of the corpus striatum

A

putamen

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28
Q

the putamen is found bet _____ and _____

A

external capsule and the lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus

29
Q

the rostral part of the putamen is cont ______

A

ventromedially with the head of the caudate

30
Q

most medial part of the lentiform nuc

A

globus pallidus

31
Q

the globus pallidus has high concentration of _____

A

myelinated fibers

32
Q

the globus pallidus is _____ in origin

A

diencephalic

33
Q

what are the 2 segments of the globus pallidus

A

interna and externa

34
Q

what separates globus pallidus internus and externa

A

medial medullary lamina

35
Q

what makes up the medial border of the globus pallidus

A

fibers of the posterior limb of internal capsule

36
Q

the corpus striatum is _____ to thalamus

A

lateral

37
Q

the corpus striatum is divided by ____

A

internal capsule

38
Q

the internal capsule divides the corpus striatum into _____

A

caudate and lentiform nuc

39
Q

what gives the striatum a striated appearance

A

produced by strands of gray matter passing through the internal capsule

40
Q

what does the striatum connect

A

caudate nucleus to the putamen

41
Q

the striatum receives inputs to _____

A

basal ganglia

42
Q

caudate and putamen are separated by internal capsule but remain joined in some places by ______

A

cellular bridges

43
Q

how is the ventral striatum formed

A

anteriorly and ventrally the putamen fuses with head of the caudate

44
Q

______ is found in ventral striatum

A

nucleus accumbens

45
Q

the substantia nigra is dorsal to _____

A

crus cerebri

46
Q

NT of substantia nigra

A

dopamine

47
Q

what are the 2 portions of substantia nigra

A

Substantia nigra pars reticulata and compacta

48
Q

discuss SNP reticulata and compacta in terms of location

A

reticulata - ventral

compacta - dorsal

49
Q

discuss SNP reticulata and compacta in terms of cells

A

reticulata - similar to GPi

compacta - dark dopaminergic neurons

50
Q

the SNP reticulata is sep from GPi by ____

A

internal capsule

51
Q

the subthalamic nuc is found ______

A

under the thalamus

52
Q

main input/receptive site of BG

A

striatum (caudate, putamen)

53
Q

main output site of BG

A

GPi and substantia nigra pars reticulata

54
Q

excitatory neuron of BG

A

glutamate

55
Q

inhib neuron of BG

A

GABA

56
Q

discuss the main input to the BG

A

main source is cerebral cortex that releases glutamate to striatum

SNP compacta to putamen releasing dopamine (nigrostrial pathway)

57
Q

exp nigrostrial pathway

A

release of dopamine to striatum via putamen from SNP compacta

58
Q

other sources of input to BG

A

glutamate from intralaminar nuc of thalamus

serotonin from raphe nuclei

59
Q

function of inputs to BG

A

excitatory motor control via striatum/putamen

60
Q

function of outputs to BG

A

inhib motor control via GPi and SNP reticulata

61
Q

GPi is for _____

A

inhib of rest of body

62
Q

SNP reticulata is for _____

A

head and neck

63
Q

discuss outputs of BG

A

GABA sento to VL and VA of thalamus via thalamus fasciculus

64
Q

thalamus convey information from basal ganglia to ____

A

frontal lobe esp premotor, supplementary motor and primary motor cortex

65
Q

function of intralaminar nuclei of thalamus (centromedian and parafascicular)

A

project back to striatum for feedback

66
Q

func of mediodorsal nuc of thalamuc

A

limbic pathway

67
Q

purpose of pontomedullary reticular formation

A

influencing reticulospinal tract

68
Q

purpose of superior colliculus

A

influencing tectospinal tract

69
Q
A

neuro 3rd shift (12 decks)

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