basal ganglia Flashcards
basal ganglia is a collection of _____
gray matter nuclei
basal ganglia can be found deep within _____
cerebral white matter
what are the components of the basal ganglia
caudate nuc
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nuc
substantia nigra
nucleus accumbens
it is made up by the caudate nuc and putamen
striatum or neostriatum
globus pallidus is aka
paleostriatum or pallidum
subthalamic nuc is aka
nucleus of Luys
it is made up by the caudate nuc, putamen and globus pallidus
corpus striatum
it is made up by the putamen and globus pallidus
lentiform nucleus
elongated arched gray cellular mass related throughout its extent to the lateral ventricle
Caudate Nucleus
Caudate Nucleus lies lateral to the _____
thalamus
the lateral surface of the caudate nuc is related to the _____
internal capsule
the internal capsule separates the caudate from the ______
lentiform nucleus
the head of the caudate protrudes into _____
anterior horn of lateral ventricle
the body of caudate is _____ to the thalamus
dorsolateral to the thalamus
the body of caudate us near _____
lateral wall of the lateral ventricle
the tail of caudate follows the curvature of the _____
inferior horn of lateral ventricle
the tail of caudate enters the ____ and terminates at ______
enters the temporal lobe
terminates at the region of the amygdaloid complex
the caudate nuc is _____ in shape
C-shaped
the lentiform nuc is _____ shaped
wedge shaped
the apex of the lentiform is directed _____
medially
the base of the lentiform is directed _____
laterally
outer and inner of lentiform nuc
outer putamen and inner globus pallidus
the lentiform nuc can be found bet _____
internal and external capsule
the lentiform is related medially to _____
internal capsule
the lentiform is related laterally to _____
external capsule
the external capsule separates lentiform from _____
claustrum
most lateral part of the corpus striatum
putamen
the putamen is found bet _____ and _____
external capsule and the lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus
the rostral part of the putamen is cont ______
ventromedially with the head of the caudate
most medial part of the lentiform nuc
globus pallidus
the globus pallidus has high concentration of _____
myelinated fibers
the globus pallidus is _____ in origin
diencephalic
what are the 2 segments of the globus pallidus
interna and externa
what separates globus pallidus internus and externa
medial medullary lamina
what makes up the medial border of the globus pallidus
fibers of the posterior limb of internal capsule
the corpus striatum is _____ to thalamus
lateral
the corpus striatum is divided by ____
internal capsule
the internal capsule divides the corpus striatum into _____
caudate and lentiform nuc
what gives the striatum a striated appearance
produced by strands of gray matter passing through the internal capsule
what does the striatum connect
caudate nucleus to the putamen
the striatum receives inputs to _____
basal ganglia
caudate and putamen are separated by internal capsule but remain joined in some places by ______
cellular bridges
how is the ventral striatum formed
anteriorly and ventrally the putamen fuses with head of the caudate
______ is found in ventral striatum
nucleus accumbens
the substantia nigra is dorsal to _____
crus cerebri
NT of substantia nigra
dopamine
what are the 2 portions of substantia nigra
Substantia nigra pars reticulata and compacta
discuss SNP reticulata and compacta in terms of location
reticulata - ventral
compacta - dorsal
discuss SNP reticulata and compacta in terms of cells
reticulata - similar to GPi
compacta - dark dopaminergic neurons
the SNP reticulata is sep from GPi by ____
internal capsule
the subthalamic nuc is found ______
under the thalamus
main input/receptive site of BG
striatum (caudate, putamen)
main output site of BG
GPi and substantia nigra pars reticulata
excitatory neuron of BG
glutamate
inhib neuron of BG
GABA
discuss the main input to the BG
main source is cerebral cortex that releases glutamate to striatum
SNP compacta to putamen releasing dopamine (nigrostrial pathway)
exp nigrostrial pathway
release of dopamine to striatum via putamen from SNP compacta
other sources of input to BG
glutamate from intralaminar nuc of thalamus
serotonin from raphe nuclei
function of inputs to BG
excitatory motor control via striatum/putamen
function of outputs to BG
inhib motor control via GPi and SNP reticulata
GPi is for _____
inhib of rest of body
SNP reticulata is for _____
head and neck
discuss outputs of BG
GABA sento to VL and VA of thalamus via thalamus fasciculus
thalamus convey information from basal ganglia to ____
frontal lobe esp premotor, supplementary motor and primary motor cortex
function of intralaminar nuclei of thalamus (centromedian and parafascicular)
project back to striatum for feedback
func of mediodorsal nuc of thalamuc
limbic pathway
purpose of pontomedullary reticular formation
influencing reticulospinal tract
purpose of superior colliculus
influencing tectospinal tract
