Textiles writing exam

Question 1

what are intellectual property rights

Answer 1

intellectual property rights are ideas, designs and other non-physical property. you protect your ideas because someone could steal them and take the profit.

Question 2

why do we need ip

Answer 2

why we need I.P:

• consumers-protects the quality means it is the real thing
• designers, inventors, and entrepreneurs ,
• society and the economy- allows business to grow

Question 3

what is a patent

Answer 3

-patents - can only be used in certain instances- it gives monopoly (total control) of the rights to the exclusive use and production of an invention, can last for a max of 20 years- gives the owner sold right.

Question 4

what is design registration

Answer 4

-Design registration- Protects only visual apreances of the object- can last up to 5 years in inertial apicalican, can renew it up to 25 years- induces the shape, configutstion of a 3D design and the pattern ornament of a 2D design (logo), example for exam is apple vs samson.

Question 5

what are design rights

Answer 5

Design right has the same rights and registration but only for 2D- las up for 10 years and its fast cheap, often used for textiles.

Question 6

what is trademark

Answer 6

Tradmark- Any sign, logo, brand image which can be represented graphically (cadubury purple)- includes company names and branding for goods and services- also includes personal names, designs, induvidul letters (bbc ) and shape of goods and packing (coke bottles) - registered for 10 years and can be renewed for infinity.

Question 7

what is copyright

Answer 7

Copyright- protects original written, dramatic, musical and artistic work, including web sites- copy right is an automatic process (you can copytighy your DT work, just name, date and add- its reconised world wild- last for 70 years after the death of the creator.

Question 8

what do you need to mention for all rights?

Answer 8

use this for all the RIGHTS!!- with the I.P the item becomes a property which can be bought, sold, hied or lisanced to others.

Question 9

what are the main type of matrials

Answer 9

Main categories of materials:
Natural - materials that occur naturally (timber, wool
regenerated
synthetic
alloys and composites
laminates
smart

Question 10

what do you need to know about natrual matrials fro tetxties

Answer 10

Natural materials (textiles ):
cotton is picked and spun form seed pods of cotton plant. soft breathable most widely used textile for denim and corduroy, socks, T shirts, sheets etc.
Linen is a textile made from the fibres of the fox plant, strong,absorbent, cool, non elastic makes linen clothes wrinkle easily
silk obtained form cocoon of silkworm, Light, fine,strong, warm
Wool is spun into and elastic, absorbent, fire reading and warm thread. Used in carports, insulation, jumpers and blankets .

Question 11

what do you need to know about cermic natrual matrials

Answer 11

Natural materials (cermenics)
Ceramics and generally brittle, hard, electrical insulated, good resistance to temrpeture and corrsion
the source materials (clay, sand and feldspar) a d ground into powde, mixed and fired at high tempreture (up to 2000 C)
Glass:made form silica sand, lime and sodium carbonate is optically transparent (windows). It can also be youfgned (car windows) and laminatred (doors and floors)
Clay is the basic of a wide product range: Bricks and roof tiles, toilets, basins and wall tiles, cups and plate
specialed application are sprakj plugs

Question 12

what do you need to know about Timber

Answer 12

TIMBER- softwood
coniferoius trees grow in cold climates (scandinaiva, Cananda, Russia)
genrarlly fast growing (20 issh years) and inexpensive, farmed, lighter in colour, straight grain, wildly available and ruinable.
E.G pine, larch and redwood (roof structures, floor beams, furniture

Timber hardwood:
Decidous tress, ussaly shed their leaves in winter, grow in temroeture and torupoicsal cli,amtes
genrally slow growing (50 yrs plus) rneabile if farmered, greater range of cool and grain, harder and more durable , more expensive, often used in veneer form.
mahogoany (antique funaruete ) and teak (exterior furnature) oak (timber frames, fnecing )

Question 13

what do you need to know about regentated matrials

Answer 13

Regenerated materials :
by product of other things (diisuded / waste) brought back from nothing
MDF and chipboard: These are by products of wood and gue (saw dust). its dense and inexpensive and wild used for veneered furniture
paper
card board
viscose: cellilose from wood or cotton fibres, is used to make cellphone.

Question 14

what do you need to know about synthetci matirials

Answer 14

Syhtnefietic mstruals Polymers- thermeolplastics
OIL based, can be recycled, no chemical cross- linking, electric inuskater, can be alder int intrutctee and accurate shapes.

grnauals van be heated moulded, recycled and re-fomred. Use with caution in hot areas.

Syhtnretic marirals : pollyester
cacujme formed product

poylmers- thermenestes- cant be softened of reciylced- only set once.
strong long chain chemical cross links

lloys and composites:

Bronze: hard,tough a;;y cpmstoom go copper and tin, used for statutes instruments and meters.

laminates: layers
mareias;s bonded together bonded tiger to improve their propeortyies
Plywoord: laminate flooring and melamine faces chipboard resit nqtrual mvment to make it strong
gorgeext-nreathabitly layers, moisture blocking layers.\

Question 15

what do you need to know about smart matrials

Answer 15

smart matrials :
a matrials that have one or more properties that can be signicficsly changed in a controll way by extneral stimulia , such as stress temperature, moisture, Ph,elctric or magnetic
solar panels:photochromic glass

Question 16

whats CAD

Answer 16

CAD:
2D or 3D 
very accoutre
east to test
saves costly mistakes
quick and easy alterations
easly shared with c;ient manutfucute or colleagues
outputs can include [tinter cam rPID PROYINH

Question 17

what types of problem solving meathods are there

Answer 17

Problem solving :
mind mapping
morholohical Anaylsis 
Analogy
Lateral thinking
scamper

Question 18

what is a mind map

Answer 18

a mind map is a diagram used to visually outline information. The frsihn noting go ptobrlpm sip laced in the centre with accepted idea, wod and concepts radiating out

Question 19

what is morphological analyisis

Answer 19

Morphological analysis is also known as attribute listing, it is a new way to find the new combination of design features. create a table attributes your design will have and uses it to choose interesting combinations

Question 20

what is Anoalgy

Answer 20

Analogy is a comparison between one thing and another : looking at other shapes or influencers to generates ideas and solve design problems

Question 21

what is lataral thinking

Answer 21

Lateral thinking “oustidse of the box”, avoid the obvious and ask questions that make you think differently about the problem brief.

Question 22

what is scamper

Answer 22

scamper: Acrogmemen: 
Subsititute
Combine 
Adapt/alter
Magnifie or minimize 
Put to other uses
Elimante/ elabroate 
Reverse/ rearrange

Question 23

what is continuous flow production

Answer 23

continous flow production: Is a high low production method where machines run 24 hours.

Benefits: never run out of news paper or toilet paper, makes the product readelly avibles, bring downs the cost becsue costnrly produced

disvanges: hard to change, uses a lot of negery, expensive

Question 24

what is one off production

Answer 24

One off production is when a single product is made, its unique is original.: suits, wedding dress, rifle tower

Advangetages: high quietly and luxury, custom made normally

disadvangtes: often expensive,

Question 25

what is batch production

Answer 25

Batch prodcution:small quietness of identical products are made.

Fad prodcuts , something that has a rapid rise in sales then it goes down and diseapears

adacantes: make as much as you need doesn’t require skilled workers
dis: labour intensive(takes a lot of work and people

Question 26

what is mass production

Answer 26

mass prodcution: cars, fast food, guns, high street clothing retailers : makes good use of a production, each operate does the same task repeatedly before passing it along in orduction

ad:bulk buy material get cheeper

Dis:expensvie to begen with- quitltiy is not guaranteed

Question 27

what is a risk assesemnt

Answer 27

Rik asesment
legal requirements for designers and manufacture

a systematic process of evaluating the potential risks that may be involved in a projected activity or undertaking.

Question 28

what are the 5 steps of a risk assement

Answer 28

5 steps-

• look for hazards
• decided who might be harmed and how
• evaluate the risk- decide on action required
• record your findings
• review/ revise your assessment

Question 29

what is the evolution (or equeation) of a risk

Answer 29

Evolution/ equation of the risk
Severity of the risk (1-5)
likelihood of risk (1-5)
risk factor (1-25)
if over 7 take action to reduce
if 7 or under accept the risk

Question 30

what can you do to reduce a risk

Answer 30

Measure to reduce risks include:
- personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. goggles, masks, hair ties,saftey shoes,helmets
training 
ventilation
first aid, fire extinguishers
regular maintenance of equipment
good signage, written advice etc

Question 31

whats COSHH and what does it do

Answer 31

Control of Substances Hazardous to health (COSHH)
Covers chemicals, dust and fumes
Provides standardised approach to risk assessment and onto measures
legal requirement

Question 32

what does ergoernomics mean

Answer 32

Egonocmics- the relationship between a product or enviomrent and the user. it involves 3 ares:
ANTHROPEMENTS
PHYSOLIGY
PHYCLOGLY

Question 33

what is anthropementrics

Answer 33

Anthropomrtircis- statred provding boots for Napolesons army, devleoped due to mass production in th us in early 20th centruy- efficiency gains, advangtagesif health and say and product powerfurther delvloped the study

for fixed products designers use the medium measurement
foradjustable prdoucts desugners use the 90 percentiel
data obtained form costs or from life

Question 34

what is physolgly

Answer 34

Physiology
The scienctifirc study of strength and movement of the human body
if products require too much strength they can be hard to use
if products require too little strength there is no “feedback”
designers have to consider the comfortable tinge of movement of the human body
designers need to consider problems such as RSI (reptive strain injury

Question 35

phycology

Answer 35

Physcogly:
Scientific study of the human mind
poor design can make a products use difficult, inefficient or danrogous
designers use colours symbols, organisation and about to help the user undetand the product

Question 36

what is above the line

Answer 36

Above the line features are things such as the eathsethecs and what the customers required, so for a kettle the above the line features are:
the colour
the shape
the size

Question 37

what is below the line

Answer 37

Below the line characteristics are how the way the product works
For a kettle
Materials of the kettle such as plastic or metal
the thermostat
the plug

Question 38

Describe two key properties of a named natural material and two key properties of a named synthetic material. 2 x [2]
Identify a specific product where one of these materials has been used and explain why the material was chosen.

Answer 38

Natural materials – ‘obtained or made from living things’.
Examples include cotton, paper, silk and wool, gold, silver, latex, cottons, natural cellulose.

Silk is the strongest natural textile fibre but loses some of this strength when wet.
The high tensile strength of silk is due to the many bonds in its construction, and when stretched the force is applied to these numerous bonds and they do not break.
Synthetic materials – ‘made from chemicals’.
Examples include nylon, polyester, polyurethanes, acrylic, polyester mix textiles, synthetic fibres, cement, and concrete.
The mechanical properties of nylon include high strength-to-weight ratio, high breaking elongation and excellent recovery from deformation.
Nylon’s properties, when used in carpet manufacture appearance retention, because of abrasion resistance; texture retention; recovery from crushing; durability; and dye fastness.

Question 39

quantitative and qualitative testing are important aspects to consider when selecting a material or materials for a specific product.
Explain what you understand by each of these terms.

Answer 39

Quantitative testing is objective, measurable criteria, which can be assessed against specific performance measurable objectives.
Marks allocated with a full description with any of the following examples up to a maximum of 4 marks:
 The material must weigh no more than ……
 The material used must be light enough to ……
 Other examples related to material hardness, malleability, ductility. 4 marks Qualitative testing will reflect the intended quality of certain defined aspects of a
material’s specification. It is a more subjective form of criteria.
Marks allocated with a full description with any of the following examples up to a maximum of 4 marks:
 The material must be aesthetically pleasing.
 Material used must be recyclable.
 The material must be bright.

Question 40

A production plan consists of important stages in the manufacture of a product.
Describe four main elements of a production plan for a product of your choice.

Answer 40

The 4 major elements to include:
 A specification for manufacturing the product.
 Use of detailed drawings/computer aided design (CAD).
 Working out the schedule for making.
 The tools to be used.
 Time for each operation.
 Safety and quality checks.
 The cost of production and profit.
 Setting targets and deadlines.

Question 41

Design specifications are used by designers to identify key criteria in the development of new products.

(a) Describe the important features of a design specification. 2 marks
(b) For a named product, list three primary specification criteria and three secondary specification criteria.

Answer 41

Design Specification – A product design specification is a statement of what a not- yet-designed product is intended to do. Its aim is to ensure that the subsequent design and development of a product meets the needs of the user. The aim of the product, how is it to achieve its purpose, the target market, ergonomic factors, appearance and finish – aesthetic considerations.
Primary (the key essential elements)
Product: Reading Lamp
1. The material selected must be from a sustainable source and display this information to the consumer.
2. The weight of the unit must not exceed a total weight of 2kg.
3. The individual components must be easily removed for replacement purposes.
Secondary (the additional elements or features)
1. The unit is available in a range of colours.
2. The unit will include a range of different materials in its construction.
3. The unit can be used in a variety of environments.
Responses may also refer to manufacturing specification (for a named product) – quality and safety, quantity to manufacture (will affect any tooling or moulding requirements).

Question 42

The design and manufacture of products can involve the use of ICT.
Illustrate how ICT is used for research, modelling, prototyping and manufacturing.

Answer 42

Research
Using the internet, specific search engines, and collation of data in research to aid designing.
(b) Modelling
Compute aided modelling and using specific programmes to produced models. Communication of modelled ideas via the web to other locations.
(c) Prototyping
The use of rapid prototyping machines and how this benefits the whole process before manufacture.
(d) Manufacturing
The use of CAD and CAM systems during manufacturing. The use of computers to control and production line and monitor progress

Question 43

Bought-in or standardised part-assembled components are used by manufacturers in the production of products.

(i) Explain what is meant by bought-in or standardised part-assembled components. 4 marks
(ii) State two advantages to the manufacturer of using bought-in or standardised part-assembled components.

Answer 43

Definition of term 4 marks
Components that are standardised can be substituted one for another i.e. using the same threat, fixings etc. These can be sourced from other companies and bought in making it possible to complete products very quickly.
Buying in means that the main company can specialise in its core operations, leaving other companies to take responsibility for the quality of a bought in component.
(b) Advantages
 Aspects of quality previously checked and signed off (the responsibility for quality lies with the other supplier). Consistent quality is maintained.
 Components may be produced by a specialist manufacturer from another location, allowing the main manufacturer to concentrate on assembly.
 Lower costs from buying in bulk and investment possible elsewhere within the manufacturing process allowing for flexibility (the ability to shop around for lower costs).

Question 44

Describe the features and benefits of the following Intellectual Property rights to the owner.

(a) Copyright
(b) Registered Trade Mark

Answer 44

Features and benefits Copyright

1. Literary works, including novels, instruction manuals, computer programs, song lyrics, newspaper articles and some types of database.
2. Dramatic works, including dance or mime.
3. Musical works.
4. Artistic works, including paintings, engravings, photographs, sculptures, collages,
   architecture, technical drawings, diagrams, maps and logos.
5. Layouts or typographical arrangements used to publish a work, for a book for instance.
6. Recordings of a work, including sound and film.
7. Broadcasts of a work.
   Benefits the copyright owner in that
    Another person should only copy or use a work protected by copyright with the
   copyright owner’s permission.
    Copyright applies to any medium - this includes, publishing photographs on the
   internet, making a sound recording of a book, a painting of a photograph and so on. Copyright does not protect ideas for a work. It is only when the work itself is fixed, for example in writing, that copyright automatically protects it - you do not have to apply for copyright.

Features and benefits: Registered Trade Mark 4 marks
 Any sign which can be represented graphically.
 Any sign which can distinguish goods or services.
 Includes words, personal names, designs, letters and the shape of goods and their
packaging.
 Registered for 10 years and can be renewed every 10 years indefinitely.

Question 45

Concurrent engineering is a process used in the manufacture of products.

(a) Explain what you understand by concurrent engineering. 4 marks
(b) State two advantages of concurrent engineering to the designer and manufacturer.

Answer 45

Concurrent Engineering is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes.
2. This includes manufacturing and support and is intended to cause the developers from the very outset to consider all elements of the product life cycle, from conception to disposal, including cost, schedule, quality and user requirements.
3. It is different than the traditional product development approach in that it employs simultaneous, to rather than sequential processes.
Up to 4 marks for explanation
Advantages
 Completing tasks in parallel, product development can be accomplished more efficiently and at a substantial cost savings.
 Rather than completing all physical manufacturing of a prototype prior to performing any testing, concurrent engineering allows for design and analysis to occur at the same time, and multiple times, prior to actual deployment.
 Multidisciplinary approach emphasizes teamwork through and it allows for employees to work collaboratively on all aspects of a project from start to finish.

Question 46

what do i need to do for section B

Answer 46

 The candidate demonstrates a specific ability to analyse questions, takes into account of a wide range of factors and has a clear understanding of the issues associated with the question.
 Uses correct terminology and technical language.
 The candidate understands the main feature of industrial and
commercial practices related to manufacturing systems
including the use of ICT and stages of production.
 Candidate has developed a detailed knowledge of the form and
function of a product, trends and styles of products. Environmental, cultural and/or ethical/moral issues are also considered where appropriate.
 The candidate will express complex ideas extremely fluently. Sentences and paragraphs will follow on from each other smoothly and logically. Answers will be consistently relevant and structured.
 There will be few, if any, errors of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Question 47

Design can be described as a process of change and increasingly has to meet environmental and technological challenges.
In relation to a product you have used, discuss how the designer has addressed environmental and technological challenges.

Answer 47

How the designer has addressed, through a process of change:
Environmental concerns:
 Planning for product disposal.
 Using suitable materials within the product.
 Raising disposal awareness with consumers.
 Local Legislation.
 Moral issues.
Technological challenges:
 Use of new materials.
 Lean manufacturing systems.
 New inventions and new technological concepts i.e. solor pv development.
 Low emissions.
Look for reference to all the above areas in order to access the full range of marks.
Responses will need to refer to:
 Specific products used in the response.
 Environmental, cultural and/or ethical /moral issues.
 Uses correct terminology and technical language – in design and technology
terms.
 The features of industrial and commercial practices.
 Manufacturing systems and stages of production in relation to environmental
factors.
 Development of a detailed knowledge of the form and function of a product,
trends and styles of products.

Question 48

Designers and manufacturers use ICT to produce pre-production prototypes.
(a) Give two reasons why using ICT to produce pre-production prototypes is important to the designer. 2x[2]
(b) Give two different reasons why using ICT to produce pre-production
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
prototypes is important to the manufacturer.

Answer 48

Designer
Advantages: up to 2 marks for each advantage.
2x[2]
 Various visual aspects (colour, form, 3 dimensional).
 Function (working parts, scaling, simulation, form).
 Methods of assembling the product may be planned.
 Working across sites (sending drawings to other manufacturers, designers).
Manufacturer
Advantages: up to 2 marks for each advantage.
 Reference to rapid prototyping – physical model produced from CAD – speed of production.
 Testing product performance before manufacturing.
 Materials test are carried out.
 Check on the quality of the product.
 Precise mould production produced by CAD/CAM.

Question 49

Explain two of the following terms that are used to describe the physical properties of materials. For each term, name a material that has that property:
density, electrical resistance, fusibility, thermal conductivity. 2x[2]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
(b) Explain two of the following terms that are used to describe the mechanical properties of materials. For each term name a material that has that property:
elasticity, toughness, durability, plasticity.

Answer 49

Density
Reference to high density materials and understanding of structure – reference to. Density is a measure of how heavy an object is for a given size, i.e. the mass of material per unit volume e.g. lead, foam and other polymers.
Electrical resistance
Reference to high/low resistance are acceptable. Electrical resistance is a ratio of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it (measured in ohms).
Fusibility
Fusion welding of thermoplastics and metals using parent material are mixed in the molten state e.g. nylon, steel.
Thermal conductivity
Reference to heat transfer (low or high thermal resistance) e.g. copper as a conductive material.
(b) Description of terms and materials (two marks for each).
Elasticity
The ability to return to its original state/shape, e.g. latex.
Toughness
Tough materials can deform plastically and absorb a lot of energy before breaking, e.g. Nylon.
Durability
Capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay e.g. polyester, acrylics and acetate.
Plasticity
A material able to undergo permanent deformation under load, e.g. clay/plasticine.