textiles AS summer exam Flashcards
What does Intellectual property rights mean?
IPR are the rights to a non physical property to protect your designs/inventions for being stolen
Why do business need IPR
they need them to maintain an edge with new inventions, prevents traitors within in the company steeling their ideas meaning they can raise funds to make the invention with having to worry about about it being stolen
Why do consumers need IPR?
consumers need them to insure the quality of the product is up to standard and the real thing, it also
why do designers/inventors need IPR?
Prevent people from steeling their original ideas giving them time to develop them without worrying they are going to be ripped off.
why does society and the economy need IPR?
IPR allows growth in enterprise and creativity, plus innovation and vibrancy within the are, It increases and varies job opportunities. It also gives the area a good reputation of inventors and creative thinkers (like Cambridge or Japan)
What does a patent do
- A patent gives you complete monopoly (control/rights) of an invention.
- It lasts for max of 20 years
- its very expensive and you have to get one for each country.
what does a registration do ?
- A design registration protects the visual appearance of a object.
- last for 5 years from install application but can be updated for up to 25 years
- This includes the shape,configuration, of a 3D design and the pattern of a 2D design
what do design rights do?
- similar to registration but only applys to 2D designs/concepts, protects the shape
- Lasts up to 10 years
- fast and cheep application
- good for fashion and textiles.
what does trademark do?
- Protects any sign, logo, name which can be represented graphically.
- includes company names, branding for goods and services, personal names, identical/specific letter agreements(BBC) and the shape of goods and packaging(coca cola bottle)
what does copyright do?
- Copy right is for artists and authors
- Its a automatic process just right your name and date on the work
- Recognised world wide
- Last up to 70 years form the creoators death.
What are research technques?
they are methods for gathering research
what is primary research?
Primary research is taken by the designers themselves
- questions
- interviews
- asking your target audience
- oberservations, watching people, taking photos.
- product analysis, above the line, below the line
what is Secondary research?
secondary is pre made reached that designers use
- datta bases, anthropermetrics, egronimics
- material propertires,see how much things cost
- find the history of the design
what is above the line?
Above the line are things such as the aethstetics and what the customers required, so for a kettle the above the line features are:
the colour
the shape
the size
what is below the line?
Below the line characteristics are how the way the product works
For a kettle
Materials of the kettle such as plastic or metal
the thermostat
the plug
what are anthropometrics?
Anthropometrics is the study of the sizes of people in relation to products. For example, chairs used in schools need to be suitable for the average size of pupils in the schools.
what are ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the relationship between people and the products which they use.
Anthropometric data is used to help design products to meet ergonomic needs. Ergonomics also considers the force a person can apply, for example when using a tin opener, or the pedals of a car.
What is a specification?
- this is a detailed set of requirements for the product to be designed
- It should include a qualitative and quantitive criteria.
- The specification should be used as a yard stick of success throughout the design and manufacturing process.
What is qualitative data?
qualitative data is subjective, its different opinions and open questions
what is quantitive data?
this data is,numbers and objective, closed answers, facts and figures
what is quantitive testing?
quantitive testing is objective,measurable criteria,. such as:
- The matrial must weigh no more then …
- it has to be ligt enough to…
- related to hardness,mallubility, ductitility.
what is qualitative testing?
qualitative testing will reflet the intended quality of certain aspects of materials, think of a specification:
- The materials must be aethstetcily pleasing
- must be recent
- materials must be bright
what are components?
a component is a part of a finished product/ smaller parts that make up a product.
- They can be different pieces of the product or parts that are used to join pieces together (like nuts and bolts)
- think about ikea and all the different parts (wood and screws)
- for textiles think about buttons or zips or thread
what is joining?
its joining things together
-most products are made from more the one piece of material so when a product is assembled or fabricated the pieces need to be joined together.
what are permanent joints?
permanent joints are things that are meant to stay attached such as stitching, super glue and wielding.
what are temporary joints?
temporary joints are things that are meant to come apart without breaking or damaging the product
- zips
- knock down joints
- velcro
- buttons
what are finishes ?
a finish is the last layer of a product.
- there lots of different types of finishes but they can be organised in two main ways
what are the two different groups you can organise finishes into ?
- applied during manufacture
- applied by the consumer
what are the reasons for the manufacture to apply finishes ?
- for safety reasons, glazes can be toxic
- controls the quality of the product (BMW don’t want people painting there cars and making them look bad)
what are finishes consumers can add?
waterproofing. shoe polish ,paint
reason why finishes are left for the consumers to do?
- could be cheaper for the manufacture
- gives the consumer the choice (ikea future can be painted
what are Smart matrials ?
smart matrials are matirals that react or respond to an extenal stimulus (light,tempreture pressure)
- the change is inherent (part of) the matiral
- it changes becasue the strucutre is changing
what are smart poylmers ?
smart matirals that are made from plastic
what’s a thermochromic polmyers?
a thermochromic polymers are smart matirials that change colour and certain tempretures
-example baby bottles that change colour if the drink is too hot
what does photochromic mean?
things that change colour depdeing on the Uv light
-used for coating lenses to change with the sun.
what are shape memory alloys?
its ap ice of metel that rembers its orgional shape
- after being bent it can retain its origanl shape by being eeted to a certain temprutre
- used to make speical frames
what are Elctroluminesent matirals?
smart matrials that give out light when a electric current is applied to them
- use for siftey signs and high vis jackets
what is mind mapping and why is it useful?
- mind mapping is a diragram used to viasually outline information
- It helps you collect all your thoughts and ideas on one page.
- the focus is in the moodle of the page then you branch out your ideas from there can can link them together
what is SCAMPER?
- subsitutue - what else can be used instead?
- combine- other products, functions, finishes
- adapt- can it be used for something else?
- minumise/maximise- can you make parts bigger or smaller?
- Put to use - new ways to use it
- Elminate/elborate- remove partso f the matrials or refine details on a certain section
- reverse/rearange- trun ut,flip, move different parts around
Using these helps solves any design problems
what is mophilogical analysis and what does it do ?
- Make a table of atributes ( parts,properties, quitilies) pf the prodcut your examining, by using this table you are able to combine atributes
- also known as atribute listing
- use it for a starting point to genrate ideas
what is analogy ?
the comparrsion between one thing and another- looking at other shapes or influnces to gentrate ideas
what is latral thinking?
- thinking outsite the box, avoiding the ovboius and asking question that make you look at it in a newp persepcitve
what does Ergonomics mean and why is it important?
- Ergonomics is the relationship between a client and a product
- its important to consider becasue the deisgn of a product has to work well for the majoirty of the auidience otherwise its uselss,
- it’s what the clinet needs in a proudct
- for example pople prefer their sofas to be made out of feathers then out of wood because it comfier
what are Anthropermetrics and why is it important?
- Anthropermetircs are part of Ergonomics
- Its the study of the size of people in rletation to the product, fidning the avrage so they can produce the prdocut in the most commen size
- for example making chairs for school chilren reques knowing the arvage size of pupils in a school
what is CAD and why does it benifit designers?
- computer aided design is software used to create sketches and 2D/3D models
- it gives you a detaild design of the product without actully making it, letting you look at it at all angles so you can eximine what could go wrong and hwat can be improved
- because its digital its easier to share and email with coworkers
- also because its all digital it saves money because it lets you improve the product before you even make it, saving time and matirals.
what is CAM and how is it benaficual ?
- Computer aided manufautreing means machines that are controlled by computers
- a benifit of ths is that its fast because machines work quikcer the workers
- the product will alsways be made to the smae quiality
- it’s efficant, machines can work 24/7
why is IT used in designing and what is it used for ?
- Its used for spreadsheets,GANNT charts,word procsser and Excel
- Thing such as CAM and CAM are IT that is used for deisgn and manfufactring
- its good becasue quick and afifcant and little room for human error
- saves designs so you can use them again
- easy to share and increases productivity
- disadavantes :sometimes it can be expsensive ot downoad/obtain the software
- requires alot of training and exprience
- can loose work if the computer crashes
what is product anaylsis ?
-its studying how well a product did its job, aksing questions such as: whats its finction and purpose? how do the parts ork together? hows the aethstetic ? what process do you go through? who would buy the product? how well is it selling?
it aloows th deisgner to devlop and apdat their products
what is reverse engineering?
Reverse engineering is a process by which the design of a product is analysed or recreated using a physical part as a starting point. During the design process for a new product, clay models and different types of prototypes will be made in order to test, evaluate and validate the conceptual design.
