Textiles - Exam 1 Flashcards
Textiles - Exam 1
Why has there been a decrease in quantity of apparel in the US over the past two decades?
Moved - Developing nations have increased production, lower wages in third-world countries, few environment regulations, better/different fabric
Textiles - Exam 1
Large quantities of fabric can be bought from?
Texitle mills, textile converters, and jobbers
Textiles - Exam 1
Why would a company import textiles and textile products? State problems as well.
They will import because there is a lower buying price, superior quality, and there are products that are not produced in the US. Problems: Lengthened delivery, difficulty in communication, gov’t regulations, inferior quality shipment
Textiles - Exam 1
Buying by sample
Buying fabric by sample and the seller conforms to a sample that the buyer wanted.
Textiles - Exam 1
Buying by specification
Buying fabric by specification involves conforming to written documents that list every aspect of the fabric (i.e. fiber content, yarn size, weave, print, weight, dyes, finishes) and has certain testing conformance. Is more exacting.
Textiles - Exam 1
Greige goods
Unfinished fabric directly from a weaving loom or knitting machine that must be converted to a finished, sellable condition through dyeing, printing, or finishing.
Textiles - Exam 1
Textile mills
A company that owns textile machinery and makes fabrics. US mills: NC, SC, GA
Textiles - Exam 1
Jobbers
People who help dispose of excess or surplus merchandise for the mill. They often buy mill or converter fabrics that would otherwise be difficult to sell (discontinued styles, colors, and overruns). Offer low prices and interesting fabrics, but cannot guarantee continuity.
Textiles - Exam 1
Converters
An individual or organization who buys Greige goods from mills, has the fabric dyed or printed, and finished by other companies, and then sells the finished fabrics.
Textiles - Exam 1
Over-the-counter sale
Fabric is sold this way at retail stores.
Textiles - Exam 1
Fair Trade
Indicates that a product was produced without labor exploitation, by using environmentally sustainable practices, and that the producers received good prices.
Textiles - Exam 1
Private Label
Retail brand in which apparel or other sewn products are manufactured specifically for a retailer and sold exclusively by that retail. Example: Arizona & JC Penney
Textiles - Exam 1
Exclusive Brand
A national brand with distribution through one retailer (aka Captive Brand) Example: Kohl’s and Candies
Textiles - Exam 1
Remnants
1-10 yard pieces of cloth
Textiles - Exam 1
Shorts
Pieces of fabric less than 40 yards in length. Can be sold in 20-40 yd pieces and up.
Textiles - Exam 1
Pound Goods
These very short pieces of fabric are less than a yard in length are sold by the pound.
Textiles - Exam 1
Overseas agent
A person or company that represents an exporter or importer in the countries overseas where it conducts business. They have knowledge and access to business contacts, buying sources, and customers. They are also familiar with the language and customs.
Textiles - Exam 1
Aesthetics
A property that relates to visual and tactile effects. Includes flexibility, hand, luster, pilling, resiliency, specific gravity, static electricity, and thermoplasticity.
Textiles - Exam 1
Durability
A property that relates to resistance to signs of wear. Includes abrasion resistance, chemical effects, environmental conditions, and strength.
Textiles - Exam 1
Comfort
A property that relates to physical comfort. Absorbency, cover, elasticity, and wicking.
Textiles - Exam 1
Safety
A property that relates to danger or risk of injury. Includes flammability.
Textiles - Exam 1
Abrasion resistance - Durability
The ability to resist wear from rubbing that contributes to fabric durability. Can be worn for long periods of time before showing wear.
Textiles - Exam 1
Absorbency - comfort
The ability to take in moisture. Usually expressed as moisture regain.
Textiles - Exam 1
Hydrophilic
Able to absorb water easily.
Textiles - Exam 1
Hydrophobic
Not able to absorb water easily.
Textiles - Exam 1
Hygroscopic
Able to absorb moisture without feeling damp.
Textiles - Exam 1
Cover - comfort
The ability to occupy an area. A thick fiber or crimped fiber gives a fabric better of this.
Textiles - Exam 1
Elasticity - comfort
The ability to increase in length when under tension and then return to the original length.
Textiles - Exam 1
Flammability - safety
The ability to ignite or burn.
Textiles - Exam 1
Flexibility - aesthetics
The capability of a fiber to bend easily and repeatedly without breaking.
Textiles - Exam 1
Hand - aesthetics
The way a fiber, yarn, or fabric feels when handled. Cross sections, shape, surface, configuration can determine this.
Textiles - Exam 1
Luster - aesthetics
Refers to the light reflected from a surface.
Textiles - Exam 1
Pilling - aesthetics
The formation of groups of short or broken fibers on the surface of a fabric that are tangled together in the shape of a tiny ball.
Textiles - Exam 1
Resiliency - aesthetics
The capability of a material to spring back to shape after being creased, twisted, or distorted. It is closely connected to wrinkle recovery.
Textiles - Exam 1
Specific gravity - aesthetics
The ratio of the mass of the fiber to n equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius. Being warm without being heavy.
Textiles - Exam 1
Static electricity - aesthetics
A frictional electric charge caused by the rubbing together of two dissimilar materials. Hydrophobic fibers have more of this.
Textiles - Exam 1
Strength - durability
A fiber’s ability to withstand stress. Glass, nylon, polyester are good examples of this.
Textiles - Exam 1
Thermoplasticity - aesthetics
The ability of fibers to withstand heat exposure. permanent creases and pleats can be created with this.
Textiles - Exam 1
Wicking - comfort
The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture from one section to another.
Textiles - Exam 1
Crimp
The waviness or deviation of the fiber from a straight line along the fiber axis. The fiber with this are more cohesive and are easier to spin into yarns. It provides bulk and is warmer.
Textiles - Exam 1
Covering power
The ability of a textile fiber or yarn to cover a given surface area. Fibers with this are more satisfactory because less fiber would cover more blanket area. It takes less to provide.
Textiles - Exam 1
Filament fiber
One long lengthened fiber.
Textiles - Exam 1
Staple
A short fiber.
Textiles - Exam 1
Cotton
A fiber that is 1/2”-2 1/2” in length?is stronger wet than dry?popular breed: Upland (US)?Largest producers: US and China?Microstructure: flat, twisted tubes?hydrophilic?little luster?poor elasticity and resiliency?form lint
Textiles - Exam 1
Cellulose
Plant fiber
Textiles - Exam 1
Flax
A fiber that is a bast fiber (comes from stem or stalks)?length of 2-36”?strongest of plant fibers?good luster?hydrophilic?quick drying?no static or pilling problem?less durable?poor drape, elasticity, and resiliency?largest producer is France
Textiles - Exam 1
Silk
Discovered in 2640 BC in China?comes from a cocoon (makes 1600 yards)?excellent drape and luxurious hand?thinnest of natural fibers?hydrophilic?little problem with static and pilling?loses strength when wet?poor resistance to prolonged sunlight?degrades over time
Textiles - Exam 1
Wool
From shearing?Merino and Debouillet in US?grading and sorting process is applied?has good resiliency?fair to excellent hand?good drape and elasticity?warm?felts?loses strength when wet?poor luster?pills, expensive
Textiles - Exam 1
Felting
This occurs in the presence of heat, moisture, and agitation, which cause the fiber surface scales to interlock with one another; leads to a tangled mass on the fabric, can’t be brushed out.
Textiles - Exam 1
Specialty hair fibers
Fibers that are rare animal fibers that possess special qualities. Usually stronger, finer, more expensive, and have lower AR.
