Textiles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types or fibres and name examples

A

Natural- cotton, linen, wool, silk
Manmade- nylon, acrylic, polyester
Regenerated- viscose

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2
Q

What are the two types of fibres

A

Staple- short, like cat or dog hair, wool, cotton, acrylic
Continuous- long, like human hair, luxurious, nylon, silk

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3
Q

Weaving

A

Strong
Shirts, skirts, bedding, jeans, curtains

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4
Q

Knitting

A

Stretchy, comfy
Underwear, jumpers and t-shirts.

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5
Q

Bonded

A

Felt doesn’t need to be spun, weak short fibres compressed and glued together.
Surgical masks, kitchen cleaning cloths.

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6
Q

Wool- advantages

A

Breathable, has elasticity, doesn’t crease, warm to wear, very absorbent, low flammability, very soft next to skin, wide range of weights.

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7
Q

Wool- disadvantages

A

Expensive, may shrink when washed, takes long time to dry, can be itchy.

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8
Q

Wool- uses

A

Soft furnishings, carpets, blankets, suits, dresses and knitwear.

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9
Q

Silk- advantages

A

Smooth finish, high absorption of moisture, soft, comfy, fine, drapes well, wide variety of textures, easy to print on.

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10
Q

Silk- disadvantages

A

Expensive, may not wash well, can be weak when wet, may crease easily.

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11
Q

Silk- uses

A

Underwear, knitwear and soft furnishings.

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12
Q

Cotton- advantages

A

Comfy, durable, strong even when wet, absorbent, environmentally sustainable, inexpensive, hard wearing, cooling.

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13
Q

Cotton- disadvantages

A

Creases easily, dries slowly, shrinks, burns easily, highly flammable.

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13
Q

Cotton- uses

A

Soft furnishings, clothing

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14
Q

Nylon- advantages

A

Can be either long or short fibres, excellent abrasion resistance, lightweight, warm, absorbent, breathable, repels rain and moisture, good drape, durable, creases drop out.

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15
Q

Nylon- disadvantages

A

Low absorbency, can shrink so needs to be dry cleaned, poor resistance to UV light, can crease, static.

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16
Q

Nylon- uses

A

Clothing, active sportswear, fleeces, socks, seatbelts, fishing lines, carpets, umbrellas , ropes, stockings.

17
Q

Acrylic- advantages

A

Luxurious appearance, wide range of colours, durable, soft, shrinkage and moth resistant, dry fast as low moisture absorbency, oil resistant, doesn’t wrinkle.

18
Q

Acrylic-disadvantages

A

Prone to static build up and pilling. Not as breathable as natural fibres, can be unconfutable as doesn’t change based on temperatures, not as environmentally friendly as natural fibres.

19
Q

Acrylic- uses

A

Socks, hats, gloves, sweaters, fabrics, home furniture and awnings.

20
Q

Polyester- advantages

A

Good strength, dries easily, resists rubbing, non-absorbent, good drape, durable, can be soft, crease resistant, doesn’t shrink or wrinkle, not stretchy and recyclable. Resistant to chemicals, mould, rot and sunlight. Easily cared for and can feel silky.

21
Q

Polyester-disadvantages

A

Prone to static build up, tends to hold odours compared to natural fibres and is less breathable than natural fibre such as cotton.

22
Q

Polyester- uses

A

Raincoats, fleeces, nightwear for children, medical textiles, car seatbelts and sportswear.

23
Q

Linen- advantages

A

Antibacterial, durable, strong when wet, comfy, strong, cool to wear, very hard wearing, insect repelling, sustainable, dries quickly, can be washed and ironed, luxurious, breathable, little fluff, high absorption of water, lightweight.

24
Q

Linen- uses

A

Table linen, tea towels, aprons, sheets, curtains, soft furnishings.

24
Q

Linen- disadvantages

A

Can fade in sunlight, can be difficult to work with, doesn’t drape, difficult to dry, expensive, creases badly.

25
Q

Polypropylene- advantages

A

Heat resistant, good chemical, stains and fading resistance, tough, durable, fatigue resistant, affordable to produce, lightweight, moth proof, recyclable.

26
Q

Polypropylene- disadvantages

A

Can be damaged by UV light.

27
Q

Polypropylene- uses

A

Table cloths, tote bags, rope, carpet, outdoor clothing, twine, upholstery.

28
Q

What are the 10 surface finishes that can be applied to textiles called

A

Printing, flame retardant, water repellent, crease resistance, stain resistant, calendaring, brushing, embossing, bio stoning, mercerising.

29
Q

What is printing

A

An image inkjet printed onto specially treated paper can be heat pressed onto fabric to provide a permanent image.

30
Q

What is flame retardant

A

Chemical additives can be sprayed onto fabric to slow down its burn time.

31
Q

What is water repellent

A

Silicone-based chemicals can be sprayed on to provide a protective barrier.

32
Q

What is crease resistance

A

A resin can be applied to stop creases setting.

33
Q

What is stain resistance

A

A silicone-based spray can stop stains being absorbed into the fabric.

34
Q

What is calendaring

A

Sends fabric through heated rollers and makes it smooth.

35
Q

What is brushing

A

Fabric is sent through a series of fine wire-toothed rollers, which gives it a soft, fluffy surface.

36
Q

What is embossing

A

Synthetic fibres are sent through heated, decorative rollers pressing the pattern texture into the fabric.

37
Q

What is bio stoning

A

Adding a cellulose enzyme to the washing process causes a stonewashed, distressed effect, mainly used on denim.

38
Q

What is mercerising

A

Especially used on cotton, sodium hydroxide is added to the fibres making them swell to give a shiny appearance.