Textile and Leather Flashcards by Emillie De Asis

Any material made of interlacing fibers

TEXTILE

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any material made through processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding

FABRIC

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refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for such as bedding, blanket, etc.

CLOTH

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Fabric is evaluated according to how it is able to withstand wear pressure or damage due to friction. related to flexibility

Durability

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Fabric is evaluated according to how well the fabric can carry its own weight without breaking. Refers to tensile strength

Tenacity

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Fabric is evaluated according to what degree it can stretch without breaking. refers to a fabric’s stretching ability

Elongation

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Fabric is evaluated according to how well will the fabric absorb or retain moisture

Absorbency

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Water - loving

Hydrophilic

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Water - fearing

Hydrophobic

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Absorbs moisture without feeling wet

Hygroscopic

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Fabric is evaluated according to the ability to return to its original shape

Resiliency

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Basic element of textile

Fiber

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Short fibers. Randomly arranged and loosely twisted. cm/in

Staple Fibers

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Long and continuous fibers. Tightly twisted to produce smooth and string yarns. m/yards

Filament fibers

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Kind of fibers from animal, plant, or mineral sources.

Natural Fibers

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Man-made and thoroughly modern fabric

Synthetic fibers

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widely used plant fiber
when twisted it’s stronger than wool
burns at slow rate
most versatile and durable on all fibers

Cotton

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Type of cotton that resembles satin and is hydrophobic

Shiny Cotton

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Type of cotton that must meet certain standards and with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides

Green Cotton

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Process of refining cotton that mechanically disentangles, cleans, and intermixes fibers. It removes the impurities from the fibers and readies for spinning

Carded Cotton

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Process of refining cotton that separates the longer and desirable fibers from shorter ones, straightens curls, thus removing impurities in the fiber creating a finer yarn

Combed Cotton

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Type of cotton that is widely planted and known to have short to medium staple fibers. It’s the 3rd best quality cotton

Upland Cotton

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Type of cotton that is known to be superior to other cottons. It has fine and long fibers that are spun to create softer, silkier and more durable cotton fabrics

Long Staple Cotton

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2nd best quality cotton. Supima is tradmarked brand of this cotton

Pima Cotton

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Best Cotton in the world. Softer, finer and lasts longer. 1000 threads per square inch

Egyptian Cotton

Taken from a seed pod of a tree. Too brittle to be spun into fiber but soft enough to be used as cushion. Lightweight and non-absorbent, good for floating devices

Kapok

- oldest fiber ever woven - grayish color with a silky luster - can be bleached without fear of damage

Flax (Linen)

- less soft and absorbent of than cotton - resistant to mildew - wrinkles and creases readily

Linen

- harsh, brittle, lints, badly - wrinkles easily - UV protection - sound and heat insulation - anti-static - mostly used for carpet and linoleum backing

Jute

- fabric made from jute - excellent resistant to microorganisms and insects

Burlap

- coarse fiber originally used in ropes or sacks

Hemp

- known as Abaca - mainly grows in the Philippines - very strong with great luster and is very resistant to damage from saltwater

Manila Hemp

- inexpensive fiber - extremely absorbent and dries quickly - 3-5x stronger than cotton and 2x than Flax - resembles linen - unusual resistance to bacteria and molds - often blended with rayon and cotton

Ramie

- highly elastic, flexible, and impermeable to water - enemy is heat

Natural Rubber

- made from Abaca and even banana fibers - can be mixed with Pina and silk fibers - generally used for formal setting on occasions

Jusi

- leaves of the Pineapple plant - combined with Jusi, Silk or Polyester to create fabric - lightweight - handloomed - used for table linens, mats, bags, barong or etc.

Piña

- sheared from sheep - resilient and elastic - burns slowly and self extinguishing - contains lanolin (oil) - often used in casinos, hotels, and hospitality facilities - must be dry cleaned - resistant to abrasion - antiseptic

Wool

Type of wool that is finer or thinner than average wool. Softer, less itchy and more flexible. Also, Nearly pure white in color.

Merino Wool

Type of wool that has the gloss and softness of silk, the strength of cotton. It is thicker than a merino wool. Available only in limited quantities and natural colors.

Shetland wool

Type of wool that is the finest and softest fleece, it comes from a lamb’s first shearing (6-7 months old). Hypoallergenic and resists dust mites

Lambswool

Wool that has not yet been processed

Virgin wool

Wool may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken threads and other sources.

Ordinary wool

New wool or felted scraps shredded and then reused

Recycled wool

High quality wool yarn. Very resilient, and easily return to its shape and not prone to wrinkling

Worsted wool

Fiber from camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, vicuna and horsehair

Hair

- soft undercoats from Kashmiri goat - finer, stronger, lighter, softer and 3 times more insulating than sheep’s wool - labor intensive - low global production = more expensive than wool

Cashmere

- came from the undercoat Himalayan Mountain Goats - fine and thinner fiber - lightweight - usually used in apparel such as scarves - often blended with silk or wool - not for high tension

Pashmina

- came from a tibetan antelope known as Chiru - hair is finer than human hair - very warm - illegal because Chiru is now extinct

Shahtoosh

- made from hair of angora goat - “diamond fiber” - warm in winter as it has excellent insulation, cool in summer due to its moisture - durable, elastic, flame resistant, and crease resistant - more expensive than wool - scarves, hats, sweaters, coats -often used in high grade doll wigs

Mohair

- most beautiful of all fibers - comes from cocoons of the silkworm - labor intensive - length is 600 yards - wrinkle resistant, fragile, disintegrates and discolors - deteriorates from bleaches - strongest natural fiber - swells when damp, shrinks when dry (hiking)

Silk

Finest cultured silk yarn

Organzine or Thrown Silk

Shorter silk strands and have less luster and sheen

Tram, Spunsilk, or Bourette

Silk made by wild, uncultivated silkworms. Naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached, and a rougher texture than cultivated silk

Tussah

Silk that comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoon together. Uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments

Duppion/Dupioni

Cocoons made from thai silkworms. One of the finest fabrics in the world

Thai Silk

- mineral with fluffy strands - completely fireproof - can cause lung cancer - illegal

Asbestos

- does not tarnish - gold, silver or copper - used mainly for sparkle and lending glitter to textiles - for novelty effects - commonly used for brocade and lame

Metal fiber

First synthetic fiber. It is called “Poor man’s silk” or artificial silk. Blended with cotton or wool - absorbent and dyes easily - light and abrasion resistant - loses its strength when wet

Rayon

- compound of cellulose acetate - heat treated against wrinkling - washable - fast drying and does not shrink - needs special dye - thermoplastic fiber

Acetate

- almost pure cellulose acetate - heat treated - shrink resistant - used for knits and tricots

Tri-Acetate

Developed by E.I Dupont de Nemours Co. In 1954 - long chain molecules which are spun and stretched after cooling - highly elastic - great strength - highly elastic - fiber deteriorates due to sunlight

Nylon

Developed by DuPont Co. In 1950 - resistant to sunlight - durable - abrasion, mildew resistant - fluffy and wool like effect

Acrylic

Developed by Union carbide in 1949 - easily dyed and washable - resistant to acids and alkalis - flame- resistant - usually used for draperies, carpets, casement cloths

Modacrylic

Developed by the Hercules Inc. In 1961 - by product of petroleum - inexpensive and popular used as a carpet fiber - polythylene was first used but polypropolyene is most widely used - also used in upholstery textiles

Olefin

Initial research by Du Pont that led to the discovery of nylon. - has low moisture absorbency - wrinkle resistance - resilient, washable - frequently blended with other fibers to enhance their performance

Polyester

First produced in fiber form in mid 1800s - flame resistant - does not absorb moisture - low abrasion resistance - Owens- Coming’s trade name is F_________

Glass Fiber

Chemical fiber with make-up similar to nylon - washability - wrinkle resistance

Polynude Nylon

- used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening - unaffected by sunlight - easy to care and wrinkle resistant - abrasion resistant - blended with rayon and modacrylic

Saran

- can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking - blended with most fabrics

Spandex

- has unique properties - alkalis, acids and solvents have virtually no effect on them - marketed under the names Nomex and Kevlar

Aramids

High temperature- resistant fiber and is mostly used in firefighters apparel and space suits

Nomex

High temperature resistant fiber that is incredibly strong

Kevlar

- synthetic fiber that is very fine, smaller that the diameter of a strand if silk - made from polyesters and polyamides - used for tablecloths and car interiors - repels wetting and difficult to stain

Microfiber

Matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and heat - slightly fuzzy and has low tensile strength

Felting

Produced originally in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide dye. Sheets is a finished product in highly varied forms that is thick and opaque, leather or suede

Films