Textile and Leather Flashcards
Any material made of interlacing fibers
TEXTILE
any material made through processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding
FABRIC
refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for such as bedding, blanket, etc.
CLOTH
Fabric is evaluated according to how it is able to withstand wear pressure or damage due to friction. related to flexibility
Durability
Fabric is evaluated according to how well the fabric can carry its own weight without breaking. Refers to tensile strength
Tenacity
Fabric is evaluated according to what degree it can stretch without breaking. refers to a fabric’s stretching ability
Elongation
Fabric is evaluated according to how well will the fabric absorb or retain moisture
Absorbency
Water - loving
Hydrophilic
Water - fearing
Hydrophobic
Absorbs moisture without feeling wet
Hygroscopic
Fabric is evaluated according to the ability to return to its original shape
Resiliency
Basic element of textile
Fiber
Short fibers. Randomly arranged and loosely twisted. cm/in
Staple Fibers
Long and continuous fibers. Tightly twisted to produce smooth and string yarns. m/yards
Filament fibers
Kind of fibers from animal, plant, or mineral sources.
Natural Fibers
Man-made and thoroughly modern fabric
Synthetic fibers
- widely used plant fiber
- when twisted it’s stronger than wool
- burns at slow rate
- most versatile and durable on all fibers
Cotton
Type of cotton that resembles satin and is hydrophobic
Shiny Cotton
Type of cotton that must meet certain standards and with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides
Green Cotton
Process of refining cotton that mechanically disentangles, cleans, and intermixes fibers. It removes the impurities from the fibers and readies for spinning
Carded Cotton
Process of refining cotton that separates the longer and desirable fibers from shorter ones, straightens curls, thus removing impurities in the fiber creating a finer yarn
Combed Cotton
Type of cotton that is widely planted and known to have short to medium staple fibers. It’s the 3rd best quality cotton
Upland Cotton
Type of cotton that is known to be superior to other cottons. It has fine and long fibers that are spun to create softer, silkier and more durable cotton fabrics
Long Staple Cotton
2nd best quality cotton. Supima is tradmarked brand of this cotton
Pima Cotton
Best Cotton in the world. Softer, finer and lasts longer. 1000 threads per square inch
Egyptian Cotton
Taken from a seed pod of a tree. Too brittle to be spun into fiber but soft enough to be used as cushion. Lightweight and non-absorbent, good for floating devices
Kapok
- oldest fiber ever woven
- grayish color with a silky luster
- can be bleached without fear of damage
Flax (Linen)
- less soft and absorbent of than cotton
- resistant to mildew
- wrinkles and creases readily
Linen
- harsh, brittle, lints, badly
- wrinkles easily
- UV protection
- sound and heat insulation
- anti-static
- mostly used for carpet and linoleum backing
Jute
- fabric made from jute
- excellent resistant to microorganisms and insects
Burlap
- coarse fiber originally used in ropes or sacks
Hemp
- known as Abaca
- mainly grows in the Philippines
- very strong with great luster and is very resistant to damage from saltwater
Manila Hemp
- inexpensive fiber
- extremely absorbent and dries quickly
- 3-5x stronger than cotton and 2x than Flax
- resembles linen
- unusual resistance to bacteria and molds
- often blended with rayon and cotton
Ramie
- highly elastic, flexible, and impermeable to water
- enemy is heat
Natural Rubber
- made from Abaca and even banana fibers
- can be mixed with Pina and silk fibers
- generally used for formal setting on occasions
Jusi
- leaves of the Pineapple plant
- combined with Jusi, Silk or Polyester to create fabric
- lightweight
- handloomed
- used for table linens, mats, bags, barong or etc.
Piña
- sheared from sheep
- resilient and elastic
- burns slowly and self extinguishing
- contains lanolin (oil)
- often used in casinos, hotels, and hospitality facilities
- must be dry cleaned
- resistant to abrasion
- antiseptic
Wool
Type of wool that is finer or thinner than average wool. Softer, less itchy and more flexible. Also, Nearly pure white in color.
Merino Wool
Type of wool that has the gloss and softness of silk, the strength of cotton. It is thicker than a merino wool. Available only in limited quantities and natural colors.
Shetland wool
Type of wool that is the finest and softest fleece, it comes from a lamb’s first shearing (6-7 months old). Hypoallergenic and resists dust mites
Lambswool
Wool that has not yet been processed
Virgin wool
Wool may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken threads and other sources.
Ordinary wool
New wool or felted scraps shredded and then reused
Recycled wool
High quality wool yarn. Very resilient, and easily return to its shape and not prone to wrinkling
Worsted wool
Fiber from camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, vicuna and horsehair
Hair
- soft undercoats from Kashmiri goat
- finer, stronger, lighter, softer and 3 times more insulating than sheep’s wool
- labor intensive
- low global production = more expensive than wool
Cashmere
- came from the undercoat Himalayan Mountain Goats
- fine and thinner fiber
- lightweight
- usually used in apparel such as scarves
- often blended with silk or wool
- not for high tension
Pashmina
- came from a tibetan antelope known as Chiru
- hair is finer than human hair
- very warm
- illegal because Chiru is now extinct
Shahtoosh
- made from hair of angora goat
- “diamond fiber”
- warm in winter as it has excellent insulation, cool in summer due to its moisture
- durable, elastic, flame resistant, and crease resistant
- more expensive than wool
- scarves, hats, sweaters, coats
-often used in high grade doll wigs
Mohair
- most beautiful of all fibers
- comes from cocoons of the silkworm
- labor intensive
- length is 600 yards
- wrinkle resistant, fragile, disintegrates and discolors
- deteriorates from bleaches
- strongest natural fiber
- swells when damp, shrinks when dry (hiking)
Silk
Finest cultured silk yarn
Organzine or Thrown Silk
Shorter silk strands and have less luster and sheen
Tram, Spunsilk, or Bourette
Silk made by wild, uncultivated silkworms. Naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached, and a rougher texture than cultivated silk
Tussah
Silk that comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoon together. Uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments
Duppion/Dupioni
Cocoons made from thai silkworms. One of the finest fabrics in the world
Thai Silk
- mineral with fluffy strands
- completely fireproof
- can cause lung cancer
- illegal
Asbestos
- does not tarnish
- gold, silver or copper
- used mainly for sparkle and lending glitter to textiles
- for novelty effects
- commonly used for brocade and lame
Metal fiber
First synthetic fiber. It is called “Poor man’s silk” or artificial silk. Blended with cotton or wool
- absorbent and dyes easily
- light and abrasion resistant
- loses its strength when wet
Rayon
- compound of cellulose acetate
- heat treated against wrinkling
- washable
- fast drying and does not shrink
- needs special dye
- thermoplastic fiber
Acetate
- almost pure cellulose acetate
- heat treated
- shrink resistant
- used for knits and tricots
Tri-Acetate
Developed by E.I Dupont de Nemours Co. In 1954
- long chain molecules which are spun and stretched after cooling
- highly elastic
- great strength
- highly elastic
- fiber deteriorates due to sunlight
Nylon
Developed by DuPont Co. In 1950
- resistant to sunlight
- durable
- abrasion, mildew resistant
- fluffy and wool like effect
Acrylic
Developed by Union carbide in 1949
- easily dyed and washable
- resistant to acids and alkalis
- flame- resistant
- usually used for draperies, carpets, casement cloths
Modacrylic
Developed by the Hercules Inc. In 1961
- by product of petroleum
- inexpensive and popular used as a carpet fiber
- polythylene was first used but polypropolyene is most widely used
- also used in upholstery textiles
Olefin
Initial research by Du Pont that led to the discovery of nylon.
- has low moisture absorbency
- wrinkle resistance
- resilient, washable
- frequently blended with other fibers to enhance their performance
Polyester
First produced in fiber form in mid 1800s
- flame resistant
- does not absorb moisture
- low abrasion resistance
- Owens- Coming’s trade name is F_________
Glass Fiber
Chemical fiber with make-up similar to nylon
- washability
- wrinkle resistance
Polynude Nylon
- used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening
- unaffected by sunlight
- easy to care and wrinkle resistant
- abrasion resistant
- blended with rayon and modacrylic
Saran
- can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking
- blended with most fabrics
Spandex
- has unique properties
- alkalis, acids and solvents have virtually no effect on them
- marketed under the names Nomex and Kevlar
Aramids
High temperature- resistant fiber and is mostly used in firefighters apparel and space suits
Nomex
High temperature resistant fiber that is incredibly strong
Kevlar
- synthetic fiber that is very fine, smaller that the diameter of a strand if silk
- made from polyesters and polyamides
- used for tablecloths and car interiors
- repels wetting and difficult to stain
Microfiber
Matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and heat
- slightly fuzzy and has low tensile strength
Felting
Produced originally in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide dye.
Sheets is a finished product in highly varied forms that is thick and opaque, leather or suede
Films
