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Materials and Decoration > Textile and Leather > Flashcards

Textile and Leather Flashcards

1
Q

Any material made of interlacing fibers

A

TEXTILE

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2
Q

any material made through processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding

A

FABRIC

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3
Q

refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for such as bedding, blanket, etc.

A

CLOTH

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4
Q

Fabric is evaluated according to how it is able to withstand wear pressure or damage due to friction. related to flexibility

A

Durability

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5
Q

Fabric is evaluated according to how well the fabric can carry its own weight without breaking. Refers to tensile strength

A

Tenacity

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6
Q

Fabric is evaluated according to what degree it can stretch without breaking. refers to a fabric’s stretching ability

A

Elongation

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7
Q

Fabric is evaluated according to how well will the fabric absorb or retain moisture

A

Absorbency

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8
Q

Water - loving

A

Hydrophilic

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9
Q

Water - fearing

A

Hydrophobic

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10
Q

Absorbs moisture without feeling wet

A

Hygroscopic

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11
Q

Fabric is evaluated according to the ability to return to its original shape

A

Resiliency

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12
Q

Basic element of textile

A

Fiber

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13
Q

Short fibers. Randomly arranged and loosely twisted. cm/in

A

Staple Fibers

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14
Q

Long and continuous fibers. Tightly twisted to produce smooth and string yarns. m/yards

A

Filament fibers

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15
Q

Kind of fibers from animal, plant, or mineral sources.

A

Natural Fibers

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16
Q

Man-made and thoroughly modern fabric

A

Synthetic fibers

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17
Q
  • widely used plant fiber
  • when twisted it’s stronger than wool
  • burns at slow rate
  • most versatile and durable on all fibers
A

Cotton

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18
Q

Type of cotton that resembles satin and is hydrophobic

A

Shiny Cotton

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19
Q

Type of cotton that must meet certain standards and with no presence of synthetic or chemical pesticides

A

Green Cotton

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20
Q

Process of refining cotton that mechanically disentangles, cleans, and intermixes fibers. It removes the impurities from the fibers and readies for spinning

A

Carded Cotton

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21
Q

Process of refining cotton that separates the longer and desirable fibers from shorter ones, straightens curls, thus removing impurities in the fiber creating a finer yarn

A

Combed Cotton

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22
Q

Type of cotton that is widely planted and known to have short to medium staple fibers. It’s the 3rd best quality cotton

A

Upland Cotton

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23
Q

Type of cotton that is known to be superior to other cottons. It has fine and long fibers that are spun to create softer, silkier and more durable cotton fabrics

A

Long Staple Cotton

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24
Q

2nd best quality cotton. Supima is tradmarked brand of this cotton

A

Pima Cotton

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25
Q

Best Cotton in the world. Softer, finer and lasts longer. 1000 threads per square inch

A

Egyptian Cotton

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26
Q

Taken from a seed pod of a tree. Too brittle to be spun into fiber but soft enough to be used as cushion. Lightweight and non-absorbent, good for floating devices

A

Kapok

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27
Q
  • oldest fiber ever woven
  • grayish color with a silky luster
  • can be bleached without fear of damage
A

Flax (Linen)

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28
Q
  • less soft and absorbent of than cotton
  • resistant to mildew
  • wrinkles and creases readily
A

Linen

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29
Q
  • harsh, brittle, lints, badly
  • wrinkles easily
  • UV protection
  • sound and heat insulation
  • anti-static
  • mostly used for carpet and linoleum backing
A

Jute

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30
Q
  • fabric made from jute
  • excellent resistant to microorganisms and insects
A

Burlap

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31
Q
  • coarse fiber originally used in ropes or sacks
A

Hemp

32
Q
  • known as Abaca
  • mainly grows in the Philippines
  • very strong with great luster and is very resistant to damage from saltwater
A

Manila Hemp

33
Q
  • inexpensive fiber
  • extremely absorbent and dries quickly
  • 3-5x stronger than cotton and 2x than Flax
  • resembles linen
  • unusual resistance to bacteria and molds
  • often blended with rayon and cotton
A

Ramie

34
Q
  • highly elastic, flexible, and impermeable to water
  • enemy is heat
A

Natural Rubber

35
Q
  • made from Abaca and even banana fibers
  • can be mixed with Pina and silk fibers
  • generally used for formal setting on occasions
A

Jusi

36
Q
  • leaves of the Pineapple plant
  • combined with Jusi, Silk or Polyester to create fabric
  • lightweight
  • handloomed
  • used for table linens, mats, bags, barong or etc.
A

Piña

37
Q
  • sheared from sheep
  • resilient and elastic
  • burns slowly and self extinguishing
  • contains lanolin (oil)
  • often used in casinos, hotels, and hospitality facilities
  • must be dry cleaned
  • resistant to abrasion
  • antiseptic
A

Wool

38
Q

Type of wool that is finer or thinner than average wool. Softer, less itchy and more flexible. Also, Nearly pure white in color.

A

Merino Wool

39
Q

Type of wool that has the gloss and softness of silk, the strength of cotton. It is thicker than a merino wool. Available only in limited quantities and natural colors.

A

Shetland wool

40
Q

Type of wool that is the finest and softest fleece, it comes from a lamb’s first shearing (6-7 months old). Hypoallergenic and resists dust mites

A

Lambswool

41
Q

Wool that has not yet been processed

A

Virgin wool

42
Q

Wool may include reclaimed scraps from knits, broken threads and other sources.

A

Ordinary wool

43
Q

New wool or felted scraps shredded and then reused

A

Recycled wool

44
Q

High quality wool yarn. Very resilient, and easily return to its shape and not prone to wrinkling

A

Worsted wool

45
Q

Fiber from camel, goat, mohair, alpaca, llama, vicuna and horsehair

A

Hair

46
Q
  • soft undercoats from Kashmiri goat
  • finer, stronger, lighter, softer and 3 times more insulating than sheep’s wool
  • labor intensive
  • low global production = more expensive than wool
A

Cashmere

47
Q
  • came from the undercoat Himalayan Mountain Goats
  • fine and thinner fiber
  • lightweight
  • usually used in apparel such as scarves
  • often blended with silk or wool
  • not for high tension
A

Pashmina

48
Q
  • came from a tibetan antelope known as Chiru
  • hair is finer than human hair
  • very warm
  • illegal because Chiru is now extinct
A

Shahtoosh

49
Q
  • made from hair of angora goat
  • “diamond fiber”
  • warm in winter as it has excellent insulation, cool in summer due to its moisture
  • durable, elastic, flame resistant, and crease resistant
  • more expensive than wool
  • scarves, hats, sweaters, coats
    -often used in high grade doll wigs
A

Mohair

50
Q
  • most beautiful of all fibers
  • comes from cocoons of the silkworm
  • labor intensive
  • length is 600 yards
  • wrinkle resistant, fragile, disintegrates and discolors
  • deteriorates from bleaches
  • strongest natural fiber
  • swells when damp, shrinks when dry (hiking)
A

Silk

51
Q

Finest cultured silk yarn

A

Organzine or Thrown Silk

52
Q

Shorter silk strands and have less luster and sheen

A

Tram, Spunsilk, or Bourette

53
Q

Silk made by wild, uncultivated silkworms. Naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached, and a rougher texture than cultivated silk

A

Tussah

54
Q

Silk that comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoon together. Uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments

A

Duppion/Dupioni

55
Q

Cocoons made from thai silkworms. One of the finest fabrics in the world

A

Thai Silk

56
Q
  • mineral with fluffy strands
  • completely fireproof
  • can cause lung cancer
  • illegal
A

Asbestos

57
Q
  • does not tarnish
  • gold, silver or copper
  • used mainly for sparkle and lending glitter to textiles
  • for novelty effects
  • commonly used for brocade and lame
A

Metal fiber

58
Q

First synthetic fiber. It is called “Poor man’s silk” or artificial silk. Blended with cotton or wool
- absorbent and dyes easily
- light and abrasion resistant
- loses its strength when wet

A

Rayon

59
Q
  • compound of cellulose acetate
  • heat treated against wrinkling
  • washable
  • fast drying and does not shrink
  • needs special dye
  • thermoplastic fiber
A

Acetate

60
Q
  • almost pure cellulose acetate
  • heat treated
  • shrink resistant
  • used for knits and tricots
A

Tri-Acetate

61
Q

Developed by E.I Dupont de Nemours Co. In 1954
- long chain molecules which are spun and stretched after cooling
- highly elastic
- great strength
- highly elastic
- fiber deteriorates due to sunlight

A

Nylon

62
Q

Developed by DuPont Co. In 1950
- resistant to sunlight
- durable
- abrasion, mildew resistant
- fluffy and wool like effect

A

Acrylic

63
Q

Developed by Union carbide in 1949
- easily dyed and washable
- resistant to acids and alkalis
- flame- resistant
- usually used for draperies, carpets, casement cloths

A

Modacrylic

64
Q

Developed by the Hercules Inc. In 1961
- by product of petroleum
- inexpensive and popular used as a carpet fiber
- polythylene was first used but polypropolyene is most widely used
- also used in upholstery textiles

A

Olefin

65
Q

Initial research by Du Pont that led to the discovery of nylon.
- has low moisture absorbency
- wrinkle resistance
- resilient, washable
- frequently blended with other fibers to enhance their performance

A

Polyester

66
Q

First produced in fiber form in mid 1800s
- flame resistant
- does not absorb moisture
- low abrasion resistance
- Owens- Coming’s trade name is F_________

A

Glass Fiber

67
Q

Chemical fiber with make-up similar to nylon
- washability
- wrinkle resistance

A

Polynude Nylon

68
Q
  • used for outdoor furniture upholstery and screening
  • unaffected by sunlight
  • easy to care and wrinkle resistant
  • abrasion resistant
  • blended with rayon and modacrylic
A

Saran

69
Q
  • can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking
  • blended with most fabrics
A

Spandex

70
Q
  • has unique properties
  • alkalis, acids and solvents have virtually no effect on them
  • marketed under the names Nomex and Kevlar
A

Aramids

71
Q

High temperature- resistant fiber and is mostly used in firefighters apparel and space suits

A

Nomex

72
Q

High temperature resistant fiber that is incredibly strong

A

Kevlar

73
Q
  • synthetic fiber that is very fine, smaller that the diameter of a strand if silk
  • made from polyesters and polyamides
  • used for tablecloths and car interiors
  • repels wetting and difficult to stain
A

Microfiber

74
Q

Matting together of fibers to form a web by moisture, pressure and heat
- slightly fuzzy and has low tensile strength

A

Felting

75
Q

Produced originally in sheet forms through extrusion through a wide dye.
Sheets is a finished product in highly varied forms that is thick and opaque, leather or suede

A

Films

Materials and Decoration (8 decks)

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