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Global History > 🗺️ Textbook Outline for 9.5 - The Rise of Islam in Africa and India 🗺️ > Flashcards

🗺️ Textbook Outline for 9.5 - The Rise of Islam in Africa and India 🗺️ Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Bedouin

A

Nomadic Peoples who came originally from the northern part of the peninsula

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2
Q

Sheikh

A

Ruling member of the tribe

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3
Q

Describe the Ka’aba

A

Massive black meteorite, housed in central shrine

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4
Q

What is tricky in studying Muhammad’s early life

A

Almost no verifiable evidence relating to his early life

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5
Q

Describe four facts about his early life

A

1) Born in Mecca
2) Orphaned at age 6
3) Grew up to become a caravan manager
4) Married a rich widow

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6
Q

What is the link between monotheism and Allah

A

Monotheism is believing in one God. Allah was that one all-powerful being who created the universe and everything in it

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7
Q

How is Islam different from Christianity and Judaism in regards to its founder

A

Islam makes no claim to the divinity of its founder

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8
Q

Describe the Qu’ran

A

It was a scared book from Islam established after Muhammeds death

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9
Q

List the 5 Pillars

A

1) Pray 5 times a day
2) Give alms to the poor
3) Repeat Allah is God; Muhammed in his prophet
4) Haji once in your lifetime
5) Fast during holy month of Ramadan

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10
Q

Define Ulama

A

A panel of Muslim scholars

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11
Q

Define Hadith

A

Collection of the sayings of the Prophet that was used to supplement of the revelations contained in the holy scriptures

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12
Q

What are three strict rules that Muslims abide by?

A

1) Forbidden to gamble
2) Forbidden to eat pork, drink alcoholic beverages
3) Forbidden to engage in dishonest behavior

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13
Q

What was the controversy after the death of Muhammed?

A

Who should fill in next Muhammad had several daughters. The Muslims never agreed on whether he named a successor. Muhammed left no sons

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14
Q

Define Caliph

A

Temporal Leader of the Islamic community

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15
Q

Define Imam

A

Religious leader

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16
Q

Why was Abu Bakr chosen as the next leader of Islam?

A

A number of Muhammed close followers selected Abu Bakr who was a wealthy merchant from Medina who was Muhammad’s father in law and one of his first supporters

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17
Q

Why is Jihad a tough term to use?

A

It has multiple meanings

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18
Q

Describe the Shi’ites

A

Felt that the caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. They viewed him as a leader, not as a religious authority

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19
Q

Describe Sunni

A

Argued that the only true successors to the prophet were descendants of Muhammads daughter and son-in-law, Fatima and Ali. Descendants were also considered to be divinely inspired

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20
Q

Why were the Abbasids the most prosperous periods in Middle Eastern history

A

Trade flourished, also in China

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21
Q

Give 2 examples of naval technology that allowed Arabs to be masters in trade

A

-Ship
-Camel Caravans

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22
Q

Define egalitarian

A

All people are equal

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23
Q

List 2 ways in which Islamic society was NOT egalitarian

A

1) They had slaves
2) They had upper classes

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24
Q

Mathematics

A

-Decimal System
-Numerical System
-Use of Zero
-Mathematical Discipline of Algebra
-Simplified numerals

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25
Q

Astronomy

A

-Study position of stars
-Earth was round
-World map
-Instrument so sailors can tract their position by stars

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26
Q

Optics/Chemistry

A

-Developed medicine as distinctive field of science inquiry
-Complied medical encyclopedia
-Continuous nature of certain diseases
-Spread of contaminated water

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27
Q

Art/Architecture

A

-Developed sense of rhythm and abstraction
-Monuments
-Spinning and weaving cloth for clothes
-Rugs
-Paintings

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28
Q

Describe the diversity of the land in Africa

A

1) North - Mountainous
2) South - Great Desert
3) East - Nile River

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29
Q

Describe early Nubia

A

Domesticated animals, they supplemented their diet by gathering wild grains

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30
Q

How did the desiccation of the Sahara impact Nubians

A

It created lakes and ponds. Cause of this people were able to provide for themselves like fishing

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31
Q

Describe the location of Kush

A

South of Egypt in Nubia

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32
Q

How did Axum garner wealth?

A

Exported ivory, frankincense, mryth and slaves while its primary imports were textiles, metal goods, wine and olive oil

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33
Q

Describe religion in Axum

A

Rulers claimed descent from King Solomon, Rulers adapted Christianity

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34
Q

Describe the location of the Bantu

A

South of Axum along shores of the Indian Ocean inland plateau that stretches from mountains of Ethiopia

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35
Q

Define Subsistence Farming

A

Nearly all of the crops goes to the farmers family

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36
Q

Describe Pantheism

A

Belief in a single creator of god from whom all things came

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37
Q

Define Lineage Group

A

Clan, group could trace itself back to a founding ancestor or group of ancestors

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38
Q

What group gave Africa its name?

A

Roman’s

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39
Q

Describe Oral Tradition

A

Cultural and historical passed down through word of mouth

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40
Q

List 4 commercial centers of trade

A

1) Mombasa
2) Pemba
3) Zanzibar
4) Kilwa

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41
Q

Why was Kilwa so impressive according to Ibn Battuta

A

All of its structures, all of its wood and the ceilings of its houses are of reeds. One impressive structure was Husini Kubwa, a massive palace

42
Q

Ghana (DATE)

A

5th century

43
Q

Ghana (LOCATION)

A

Upper Niger Valley

44
Q

What was the major resource that generated the most wealth for Ghana

A

GOLD

45
Q

Define Bazaar

A

Market in the Middle East

46
Q

How did the Kings of Ghana rule?

A

Taxed merchants as well as farmers and the produces. Ruled by divine right and was assisted by a hereditary aristocracy composed of the leading member

47
Q

How did Mali build its wealth

A

Gold trade

48
Q

Define Mansa

A

Farmers lived in villages ruled by a local chieftain

49
Q

Mansa Musa DATE

A

1312- 1337

50
Q

What was Mansa Musa’s major contribuation to Mali

A

Strongly encouraged the building of the mosque and the study of Qua’arn in his kingdom and imported scholars and books to introduce his subjects to the message of Allah

51
Q

Describe Timbuktu

A

Most storied of the cities that emerged under kingdom of Mali

52
Q

What is difficult about generalizing African history

A

Because of the extreme diversity of the continent and in habits

53
Q

How did most Africans live?

A

Small rural village. They lived in small round huts constructed by packed mud and topped with conical thatch roof

54
Q

What was the role of women in early African villages

A

Women often worked in fields. In some communities the women specialized in commercial activities. In northern Africa young girls were sent to mines to extract gold because of their smaller physiques

55
Q

Define Nuclear Family

A

Mother, Father, Children

56
Q

Matrilinear

A

Female dominated societies

57
Q

Patrilinear

A

Male dominated societies

58
Q

What was different about gender in Africa in comparison to other parts of the world like the Middle East

A

They were more relaxed compared to other places

59
Q

Contrary to popular belief; why did slavery start in Africa

A

It had been practiced in Africa since ancient times and probably originated when prisoners of war were forced into perpetual servitude

60
Q

What was life like for a slave in Africa

A

Life was difficult of an average slave. Living condition were often decent

61
Q

Describe the Rock Paintings

A

Looks like it was from Neolithic Revolution. Used mud, blood, pigment (oils). Used hands and sticks to paint. The paintings show Hunting, Gathering, Surviving, Living

62
Q

What are some other common types of African Art

A

Early Sculpture, wood carvings, remarkable statues masks and headdresses, music/dance

63
Q

What function did African music and dance function as

A

Religious function

64
Q

What were 2 important features of African music

A

1) Rhythmic Pattern
2) Integration of voice and instrument into total musical experience

65
Q

What is a Bard

A

Professional Storyteller

66
Q

The Grandeur of the Mughals FOUNDER

A

Babur

67
Q

The Grandeur of the Mughals DATE

A

1483-1530

68
Q

How was his son Humayan described

A

Intelligent but Lazy

69
Q

Akbar DATE

A

1556 - 1605

70
Q

How was Akbar described

A

Illiterate by highly intelligent

71
Q

Why was “Divine Faith” controversial?

A

It combined characteristics of several religions with a central belief in the infallibility of all decisions reached by the emperor. Cause of this all different religions believe different things which can lead to conflict

72
Q

Define Reform

A

Make changes in order to improve

73
Q

Jahangir DATES

A

1605-1628

74
Q

Aurangzeb DATE

A

1658 - 1707

75
Q

How did Aurangzeb come to power?

A

He had his father imprisoned and he had his brother be put to death

76
Q

Describe Bedouin life

A

In early times Bedouins had supported themselves primary by sheepherding or by raiding passing caravans but the Bedouins began to participate in the caravan trade themselves and became major carries of goods

77
Q

What were four reasons for immediate Muslim expansion

A

1) Weaker Empires around them
2) United people
3) A strong army
4) Tolerant of other faiths

78
Q

Although some historians say Muslim conquered territories were ruled harshly; what evidence is shown that they were tolerant

A

Didn’t have to go to army. They could pay a tax in return for exemption

79
Q

What does it mean “there is no rigid demarcation between Church and State”

A

The Islamic doctrine must be consulted to determine questions of politics, economic behavior, civil and crimmal law and social ethics

80
Q

What were three wealthy cities in the Middle East at this time?

A

1) Damascus
2) Basra
3) Aden

81
Q

Philosophy

A
  • Classical texts
  • Translated texts into Arabic
82
Q

Literature

A

-Arabic poetry
-Wrote books Forty Thieves (adventure stories like Aladdin)

83
Q

Medicine

A

-Hospital
-Came up with Germs
-Came up with the words contagious and quarantine
-Using medicine to treat illness

84
Q

How did Meroe develop in relationship to Kush

A

Sister, right next to each other. Really similar to each other

85
Q

Describe Swahili culture

A

Diverse, traded with Asia and India (different countries and regions rather than 1)

86
Q

How did Islam differ from early African beliefs

A

Africa was polytheistic and Islam was monothetic

87
Q

Why were the Arabs welcomed by most in Northern Africa

A

Respect African culture and gave them a structure

88
Q

What were 3 reasons for the decline of Axum

A

1) Overexploitation of farmland
2) Shift in trade routes
3) Capital moved further away

89
Q

What were 4 essential products/traded by Axum?

A

1) Ivory
2) gold
3) Resins
4) Slaves

90
Q

How was the Axum different regarding religion than its North African neighbors

A

They were Christian

91
Q

How did Islam spread to West Africa

A

Trans-Sahara Trade Routes

92
Q

Describe 4 different types of distinct architecture in Africa

A

1) Pyramids
2) Carved Stone Pillars
3) Mud Mosques
4) Morish palaces

93
Q

Describe the significance of the Epic of Son-Jara

A

Passed down orally bards for more than 700 years, it related the heroic exploits of Son-Jara

94
Q

What made Babur powerful in warfare?

A

He had gun powder

95
Q

Explain Akbar’s concept of “Social Harmony”

A

No matter what religion you are you should all get along and respect each other

96
Q

Describe Jagangir reign

A

Not being tolerant

97
Q

What was challenging about Shah Jahan’s initial few years in power when it came to finances

A

He spent all the money

98
Q

What piece of architecture was most famous of Shah Jahangir

A

Taj Muhal

99
Q

How was Aurangzeb seen as intolerant

A

Only wanted Muslims in his power

100
Q

How was Aurangzeb seen as progressive

A

He got rid of Hindu customs that he thought were ridiculous

Global History (11 decks)

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