Global Test Flashcards
Ostrogoths
-Managed to preserve the Roman tradition of government
-Governed by own customs and their own officials
-In Italy
Visogoths
-Inherited and continued to maintain much of Roman structure of government
-In Spain
-Population was allowed to maintain Roman intuitions while being largely excluded from power
Describe Clovis. Why was Clovis eager to convert to Roman Catholicism?
Frankish Kingdom. 482-511. A member of the Merovingian dynasty. He gained him the support of the Roman Catholic Church which he was too eager to obtain the friendship of a major Germanic ruler who was Catholic Christian.
Describe the German family structure
Males were dominate and made all important decisions. Women obeyed father until she was married and then fell under the legal domination of her husband. Most women only lived 30-40 years. Women, provided food and clothing, caring for children and helped with farming chores.
Describe the organization of the Church
Bishop headed the Christian community in each city. The bishops of each Roman province were joined together under the direction of archbishop. Popes had been successful in extending papal authority over the Christian Church
What is a monk? Describe like as Benedictine Monk
A man who sought to live a life divorced from the world in order to pursue an ideal of total dedication to God. Life as Benedictine Monk, you ate, worked, slept, and worshipped together
Define Abbot
“father” of the monastery, who had complete authority over his fellow monks
Describe Charles the Great
Charles the Great of Charlemagne lived 168-814. He was determined and decisive, intelligent and inquisitive, a strong statesman and a pious Christian
Describe Missi Dominici
Was an important check on the power counts. “messenger of the lord king.”
What was the legacy of Charlemagne
His power grew and so did his prestige as the most powerful Christian Ruler. It symbolized the fusion of Roman Christians
After the death of Charlemagne; Europe experiences a time of chaos. Describe the impact of the Norseman on Europe
Most far-reaching attacks. Also known as Vikings. Boats enabled them to sail up European rivers and attack places at some distance inland. They sacked villages and towns, destroyed churches abd easily defeated small local armies
Why did the conversion of the Vikings to Christianity help stabilize Europe
Cause they converted the Vikings were soon made a part of European civilization
Due to invasions and fear, many area of Europe turned to feudalism. Describe it and why it was so popular during this time period
Feudalism is the bias form of social organization. Was never a cohesive system. Powerful nobles took control of large areas of land that’s why it was so popular
Noble
Owned land
Vassal
contract sworn between a lord and his subordinate
Knight
heavily armored cavalry
Fief
piece of land held from the lord by a vassal in return for military service
Serf
bound to the land and required to provide labor services, pay rents and be subject to the lords jurisdiction
Describe the manor
agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants
Dates of the High Middle Ages
1000-1300
What were two reasons for the surge in population during the High Middle Ages
-Conditions in Europe were more settled and more peaceful after the invasions
-Agricultural production surged after 1000
Describe three ways in which farming was improved during the High Middle Ages
-Improvement in climate - better growing conditions
-expansion of cultivated or arable land accomplished by clearing forested areas
-Technological changes
Describe peasant life during the High Middle Ages
Quite simple. Their cottages were built with wood frames with wall made of laths or sticks, roofs were straws
Define aristocracy
nobility of people who held real political, economic and social power
describe chivalry
under the influence of the church it was an ideal civilized behavior
describe the power of women during the High Middle Ages
Could legally hold property most women remained under the control of men or fathers until they married
Define Agrarian
cultivation of land
Why was there a dramatic increase in trade?
People felt more safe to move around and travel more and not have to live in isolated manors
Describe the location of Flanders
Along the coast of present-day Belgium and northern France
Define capitalism
An economic system in which comerance and industry are controlled by private who invest in trade and goods in order to make profits
why was there a dramatic increase in use of actual money
as trade increased, both sliver and gold came to be indemand at fairs and trading markets of all kinds
the growth of trade resulted in the growth of cities. Why?
with in the increase of trade merchants began to settle in these old cities followed by craftspeople or artisans, they developed skills and saw new opportunity to ply their trade and make good. Then the old Roman cities came alive
define guild
craftsmen began to organize themselves in these
what would be a modern dat example of a guild?
Plumber, teacher
although the growth of cities was positive for Europe; what were 2 negative aspects of rapid development
-human wastes were deposited in backyards or on streets (Which smelt really bad)
-River were polluted so they didn’t use rivers to drink water so they relied on wells
what was life like for women in medieval cities
Supervising the household, purchasing food and preparing meals, raising the children and managing finances and helping husband with trade
describe the Franciscans
Lived among the people, preaching repentance and aiding the poor
how were the Dominicans different
order arose out of the desire of a Spanish priest to defend Church teachings from heresy. Unlike Francis, Dominic was an intellectual who was apelled by the growth of heresy
what were some church practices important to “ordinary people”
Saints were seen as men and women through their holiness had achieved a special position in heaven enabling them to act as intercessor with God
Universities were a major result of the High Middle Ages. What does university mean?
A corporation or guild and referred to either a corporation of teachers or a corporation of students
Where was the first university
Bologna, Italy
Explain a “Liberal Art” curriculum
consisted of grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy
Describe Scholasticism
Philosophical and theological system of medieval schools. Scholasticism tried to reconcile faith and reason to demonstrate that what was accepted on faith was in harmony with what could be learned by reason
Describe the importance of St Thomas Aquinas
He was the most famous attempt to reconcile Aristotle and doctrines of Christianity
Describe the Romanesque Architecture
Cathedral build in 11th and 12th century. They were built in the basilica shaped used in the construction of churches in late Roman Empire
What were 2 features made the construction of Gothic Cathedral possible
1) ribbed vaults
2) pointed arches -UPWARD MOVEMENT
why did the building of a Gothic Cathedral bring a community together
All the classes contributed to its construction. They all came together to help
define infidels
unbelievers
what was pope urban II’s role in the First Crusade
He was preaching, he promised remission
why would many young men be interested in fighting in the crusade
people really wanted the holy land, they would go to heaven, a sense of adventure and a chance to work, and a chance of a young men to make a name for themselves
why did the first Crusade get the nickname “The Peasants Crusade”
Because they had a lot of peasant come and fight for the city
why were the Christians largely unsuccessful in all of their attempts to regain the Holy Land
They were peasants and hadn’t trained for war. The other people had
what were 3 major impacts of the Crusades
-Economic Growth
-Troubled Relationship between Muslim and Western World
-Began to incorporate features adapted from fortresses the crusades saw that still stand today
