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Global History > China and Early Japan > Flashcards

China and Early Japan Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened to China after the collapse of the Han Dynasty

A

China fell into an extended period of division and civil war

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2
Q

How was Confucianism impacted after the fall of the Han? Provide 2 examples

A

1 Turned to different creeds/Messianic
2 Buddhism became popular

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3
Q

How did Buddhism spread to China

A

Brought by missionaries and merchants traveling over the Silk Road

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4
Q

Who took over the Sui Dynasty? What was his goal for China

A

Yang Jian. Sought to create a unifying ideology for the state to enhance its efficient

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5
Q

Define Tribute

A

An act, statement or gift that shows gratitude, respect, or admiration

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6
Q

What were 2 issues that lead to the downfall of the Tang Dynasty

A

1 corrupt leaders
2 drought

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7
Q

What led to the final collapse of the Dynasty

A

The Kirghiz defeated Uighurs and turned on the Tang government in its moment of weakness and overthrew it

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8
Q

Song Dynasty Date

A

960-1279

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9
Q

Why did the early Song Emperors have a harder time defending their territory than that of the Tang

A

He was unable to reconquer the northwestern part of the country from the nomadic Khitan people

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10
Q

Describe the Grand Council

A

Apex of the government hierarchy, assisted by a secretariat and a chancellery; it included representatives from all 2 authorities, civil, military and censorate

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11
Q

How did the Song try to help the poor regarding the Civil Service Examinations

A

Training academies were set up to have kids pass

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12
Q

Describe the Scholar Gentry

A

They were called this because the gentry prized education and became the primary upholders of the Confucian tradition

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13
Q

How did the Song try to resolve the land problem?

A

By returning to the successful programs of the early Tang and reducing the power of the wealth landed aristocrats.

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14
Q

What were 3 changes to Commerce/Trade during the Tang and Song

A

1 Guilds
2 Grand Canal
3 Paper Currency/Credit

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15
Q

Why did most trade along the Silk Road pass through the Takilmakan Desert?

A

If you went the direct route “go in and you won’t come out”

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16
Q

Why did the Maritime routes become popular

A

The Silk Road was so hazardous

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17
Q

What were the Chinese ships known as? How did Marco Polo describe the “junks”

A

Junks - 4 masts and could carry several hundred men, many more than contemporary ships in the West

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18
Q

What were three products exported from China

A

1 Tea
2 SIlk
3 Porcelain

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19
Q

What dynasty did the Mongols succeed in taking over

A

The Song Dynasty

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20
Q

How was Mongol society organized in the 1160s

A

they were organized loosely into clans and tribes and even lacked a common name for themselves

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21
Q

Why do historians describe the Mongols as in a constant “state of stress”

A

Because they had no source of subsistence beside their herds

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22
Q

Genghis Khan

A

1162 - 1227

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23
Q

Genghis Khan was also known as

A

Temuchin

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24
Q

How did Khan’s childhood inspire him to take power

A

His father was murdered by a rival and was forced to seek refuge in wilderness

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25
Q

1206

A

was elected Genghis Khan (“universal ruler”) at a massive tribal meeting in the Gobi Desert

26
Q

How did Fire-Lance impact battle during this time period

A

It started cannons. Fire-lance was able to spew out 30-40 yds

27
Q

What changes did Genghis Khan have to make in order to be an effective ruler? How was this different than traditional Mongolian life/culture?

A

Set up a capital city to administer the new empire, but prohibited his fellow Mongols to practice sedentary occupations or living in cities. Before the Mongols were purely nomadic had a simple life

28
Q

What happened to the empire after Khan’s death

A

Was divided into several separate Khanates, each under the autonomous rule of one of his sons by his principable wife

29
Q

Who becomes the leader of the Yuan Dynasty

A

Khubialai Khan

30
Q

How did the Mongols adapt to the Chinese political system.

A

Made use of local talents in bureaucracy

31
Q

How were the Mongols culturally different than the Chinese

A

China was Buddhist

32
Q

What were 3 reasons on why Mongols were effective rulers

A

1 Relatively tolerant economic policies of the southern Song
2 Bringing much of Eurasian landmass under a single rules
3 Encouraged long distance trade

33
Q

What were 2 reasons historians believe caused the Mongols to leave Central Asia for China

A
  • drought and overpopulation may have depleted the available pasture on the steeps
    -Lack of food
34
Q

Why do other historians contribute Khan’s greatness to his reliance on the Ordos

A

Ordos - a system of reconstructing tribes into decimal units whose top level of leadership was organized on bureaucratic lines. The Mongols applied it to create disciplined military units

35
Q

Although linked to the Black Death, Mongols brought Pax Mongolia to Asia. Describe it.

A

Era of widespread peace, described as “the idea of the unified conceptualization of the globe” creating a “basic informational circuit” that spread commodities, ideas and invention

36
Q

What are 2 reasons as to why historians believe Zheng He made 7 voyages outside of China

A

1 Show the world about China
2 Trade

37
Q

List the 4 major islands of Japan

A

Hokkaido
Honshu
Kyushu
Shikoku

38
Q

Describe the climate of Japan

A

It has a temperate climate like the US. It is slightly warmer on the east coast

39
Q

Where do the majority of people live in Japan Why

A

Along the east coast, warmer, surrounds Tokyo, farmers are able to harvest 2 crops of rice

40
Q

Japan is an island nation. How has that impacted their national and cultural identity? How does that compare to China

A

Volcanic soils are extremely fertile which helps farmers. There are many earthquakes, some destroy entire cities. Earthquakes can than trigger tsunamis that destroy areas along the coast.

41
Q

Why would a shogunate system be beneficial in times of chaos

A

It kept everyone stable and in one position

42
Q

Shogun

A

Attemped to increase the powers of the central governemnt while reducing rival arstiocratic clans to vassal status

43
Q

How did Buddhism influence the Tang Dynasty

A

Buddhism spreads along the Silk Road. Buddhism spread like crazy and was so adaptable

44
Q

Describe the city of Chang’an

A

It was the capital of the Han Dynasty

45
Q

What became the “cement” that held everything together for the Song Dynasty?

A

Confucianism, it establishes a balance, everyone has a role

46
Q

Describe how Civil Service Exams helped the aristocratic families

A

1 Had money to pay
2 Held in major cities

47
Q

Describe how students cheated on the civil service exam

A

Brought in Confucian texts
writes on paper
writes on hands

48
Q

What were 3 reasons on why the Mongols became one of the “shortest lived of the great dynasties”?

A

1 Excessive spending on foreign conquest
2 growing internal stability
3 factionalism and corruption at court and in the bureaucracy

49
Q

Why do you think the Ming Dynasty brought back Confucianism after the Mongols eliminated it

A

Gives them peace in times of chaos

50
Q

The Japanese consider themselves a “divine nation” why?

A

Gods birthed them so they called themselves a divine nation

51
Q

Why would a shogunate system be beneficial in times of chaos

A

It kept everyone stable and in one position

52
Q

When Buddhism spreads to Japan what are the 2 sects? How did it differ than Chinese Buddhism

A

1 Mahayana/ Theravada
2 Zen Buddhism

53
Q

When reading about the “Three Great Unifiers” what did they all have in common

A

to create a stronger Japan

54
Q

Shang

A

Bronze age
Orcal bones
early calligraphy
ying yang
first dynasty

55
Q

Zhou

A

800 yrs long (longest dynasty)
coinage
bureaucracy
MOH/Dynastic Cycle
Confucian/Daosim

56
Q

Qin

A

Tettercotta army
shin wang di
legalism
19 years (quickest dynasty)
great wall of china
ban confusim/ daosim

57
Q

Han

A

golden age
not too strict not too lenient
about 400 yrs
silk road
infrastructure
Confucius

58
Q

Confuciansm

A

confusious
analects
“place”
filial piety
5 relationships

59
Q

Daoism

A

Lao Tzu
Tao Te Ching
Dao
Natural Instincits

60
Q

Legalism

A

People born evil –> strict rules

Global History (11 decks)

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