Global Quiz Flashcards
5 Pillars
1) Pray 5x a day facing Mecca
2) Give alms to the poor
3) Repeat Allah is God, Muhammed is his prophet
4) Hajj once in your lifetime
5) Fast during holy month of Ramadan
Including the 5 Pillars the Muslims also
Forbidden to eat port or drink alcohol
Encouraged to free their slaves (time appropriate)
Equality
Jihad (holy water)
Ulama
Religious scholars to interpret Koran
Sharia
Islamic legal system that guides the personal conduct of all Muslims
Imam
Spiritual advisor to interpret Allah
After the death of Muhammed, there was a major issue as to who should succeed Him. Many felt _____should since he was the closet to him
Abu Bakr
The Muslims population split into 2 sets named…
Sunni’s or Shiites
Sunni’s
Felt that the caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. They viewed his as a leader, not as a religious authority
Shit’ites
Argued that the only true successors to the prophet were descendents of the Muhammed’s daughter and son-in-law, Fatima and Ali Descendants were also considered to be divinely inspired
How many % of Muslims are Sunni’s?
90%
How many % of Muslims are Shiites
10%
Golden Age
A time of outstanding cultural achievements for a civilization
Why did Muslims experience a “Golden Age”
When the Abbasid Dynasty takes over, they decided to stop expansion, war and carnage. They create an empire based on equality.
Baghdad
Becomes the cultural capital of the Islamic Empire
Between 750 and 1350 the Muslims
1) built a vast trading network from east to west using “ships of the desert”
1a) Products that are traded back and forth allow for greater cultural diffusion
1b) The Arabic language spreads becoming the common language of trade
1c) Agricultural guilds produce high quality products that are traded
What were some other advancements of the Muslim Golden Age?
science, medicine, math, literature, art and architecture, translations of Greek and Persian books into Arabic
Science
Astronomy(astrolabe), light travels in straight lines, earth is round (25,000) miles and maps
Medicine
Surgery, treatments, medical exams to become a physician, 25 medical encyclopedias, “Contagious”, cataract surgery, use of prescriptions and quarantine
Math
decimal system from India; textbooks
Literature
Arabian Nights collection -Aladdin and the Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, poetry describing the beauty of nature and love. Calligraphy was introduced
Art and Architecture
Mosques, geometric designs, carpets, textiles - never showed people, animals, or God
Schism
a great divide
Muslims had to chose between Sunni’s and Shi’ite
Sunni’s - Led by Abu Bakr (caliph)
Shi’ites - Led by Ali (family of Muhammed)
Abu Bakr is successful and takes power. He becomes the first __________
Caliph of Islam
Caliph
A religious leader. Not a prophet because he was not chosen by God
Why does Islam expand so rapidly
a united people
weaker empires surrounding mecca (Byzantine and Persian Empire)
strong army
tolerant of other faiths (“outsiders had to pay a tax” but could be self ruled)
equality
After Abu Bakr dies __________ the second caliph takes over
Umar (Omar)
When Umar is assassinate ___________finally takes over Muslims leadership
Ali
Under the ____________, Islam continued to spread into Europe, the Mediterranean, Persia and the Middle East however their empire was short lived
Quarishi clam
Jihad
Muslims use this term to convert “non-believers”
When __________took over, Muslims were able to take a breath and stability was brought to the Middle East region
Abbasid Caliphs
The goal was simple:
unify all Muslims to create a strong united empire
Islam now spread across
3 continents
As a result the Abbasids ending discrimination against non-Muslims, creating a more sophisticated government and improving their educational system, a Golden Age begins to emerge
Capital is moved from
Damascus, Syria to Baghdad
-Baghdad becomes the “Jewel of the Middle East”
Reached its peak under
Caliph Harun al Rashid
786-809 AD
Encourage research, philosophy, learning, etc
Africa is divided in half by the equator and was known as the:
“THE DARK CONTINENT”
Africa was too scary a place for Europeans to explore for many years:
Mountains: Highest are found in the southeast and northwest
Deserts: created divisions between northern and southern Africa (culture diversity)
Rivers:
Nile River: flows north into Med. Sea (Egypt)
Niger River: major river in western Africa “arteries”.
Cataracts: waterfalls
Cataracts:
waterfalls
The Equator runs through the middle of Africa, creating very different zones of climate.
Tropical Rainforest Climate: Hot, humid and rainy
Savanna Climate:
Savanna: grasslands outside of the desert – home to most of African people.
Savanna:
grasslands outside of the desert – home to most of African people.
Natural Resources:
resources created in the earth.
Africa is rich in many types of mineral sources:
Oil, Copper, Gold and Diamonds.
Cash Crop:
one or two main crops specifically grown to sell in mass quantities to make money!
Cocoa, Cotton, Rubber and Coffee
Early African People:
The Bantu Migration
2500 BC:
Northern Africa suffers a severe drought
Desertification:
caused the Bantu people to migrate to new farmland.
Effects of Desertifaction
The Bantu language spreads.
Spread and use of iron as technology.
New/improved farming techniques.
