Textbook Notes

Question 1

What was boycotting? How did Parnell use this strategy?

Answer 1

Parnell told his listeners that landgrabbers should be shunned - boycotting (landlords, agents, solicitors)

Question 2

What was the Land League?

Answer 2

Founded 1879 by Davitt.
Short Term Aims:
1) stop evictions
2) reduce rents

Long Term Aims:
1) tenants can replace landlords as owners

Opposed evictions and mobilisation of public opinions

Question 3

Why did tenant farmers take part in agrarian crime of Land War?

Answer 3

prospect of new famine, bankruptcy, eviction

Question 4

What was the New Departure?

Answer 4

informal alliance, idea for support from Clan na Gael for Parnell in return for
1) self government achieved in Ireland
2)vigorous agitation on land question

Question 5

What happened 8 June 1879 in Westport?

Answer 5

Parnell told 8,000
1) demonstrator tenants must not be evicted if paid for rent
2) if landlords not adopt this tenants to resist evictions

Question 6

Who was John Devoy?

Answer 6

A prominent figure in Irish Fenian circles and member of Clan na Gael in USA

Question 7

What was Clan na Gael?

Answer 7

Oath bound US-based organisation founded in NY 1867 to promote revol. in Ireland

Question 8

When did Gladstone become Liberal PM?

Answer 8

1868 - 1894

Question 9

When did Parnell enter Parliament?

Answer 9

April 1875

Question 10

How was Parnell initially seen in Parliament?

Answer 10

He made little impact initially but by 1877 he was seen as genuine challenge to Isaac Butt.

Question 11

What was the policy of obstructionism?

Answer 11

• speaking for hours at a time
• purposefully delaying parliamentary business to draw attention to Irish issues
• abuse of rules of procedure in HofC

Question 12

Did the Home Rulers succeed in used obstructionism?

Answer 12

They did direct parliament’s attention to Irish affairs in the end

Question 13

What were the negatives of Butt’s leadership?

Answer 13

1) did not improve party discipline
2) tactic of gentle persuasion - weakened authority
3) content to sit on sidelines and not rock the boat
4) party lacked organisation and effective leadership
5) indecision and complacency
6) constant rejection of bills

Question 14

When did the Liberals come to power during 1860s?

Answer 14

Won December 1868 election

Question 15

What did the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland actually do?

Answer 15

1) Protestants bitterly attacked this venture (so did conserv. opp)
2) solidified alliance between liberals and non-conformists
3) nothing achieved for average Irish Catholic

Question 16

What was 1870 land act?

Answer 16

(Gladstone)

1) improve tenant safeguards
2) legalised evicted tenant compensation for improvements made to holdings (Ulster Concern) - only helpful to those who afford it
3) signaled new approach by WestM

Question 17

What role was Isaac Butt given 1868?

Answer 17

President of Amnesty Association

Question 18

Who was Isaac Butt?

Answer 18

Irish lawyer who frequently defended Fenians, believed rebellion disastrous and WM had mishandled Irish affairs

Question 19

When did Gladstone lead Liberal Party?

Answer 19

1868 - 1875

Question 20

What happened to agricultural industry in 1877?

Answer 20

1) weather destroyed potato crop in west
2) sharp fall in potato and grain production
3) Irish grain prices plummet

Question 21

What was formed by Butt in May 1870?

Answer 21

Home Government Association

Question 22

What was the Home Gov Assoc.’s goal?

Answer 22

Canvass support for new fed. relat. between Ireland and England
Hoped for Irish Parlia. for Irish affairs

Question 23

What did Clerkenwell Riot spark politically/socially?

Answer 23

1) inflamed England public opinion
2) demanded attention in WM towards Irish question
3) gave discussion of Irish politics new urgency

Question 24

What did the Home Gov Assoc become?

Answer 24

Nov 1873, 900 delegates dissolved HGA at conference in Dublin and launched HR League

Question 25

What were Gladstone’s main concerns when he came to power?

Answer 25

1) Disestab. of Church of Ireland
2) landlord tenant relations
3) remove grievances (i.e. Fenianism) and bring justice to Ireland

Question 26

What did Gladstone say about his role in Irish affairs?

Answer 26

“my mission is to pacify Ireland”

Question 27

What was the fallout of the 1867 Clerkenwell Riot?

Answer 27

12 London civilians dead

Question 28

What did Davitt do in August 1878?

Answer 28

• rejoined Fenian movement in USA
• sought to arouse American Fenian interest