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A Level History > Christmas Exam ('00-'14) Part 2 > Flashcards

Christmas Exam ('00-'14) Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Carson’s amendment of Jan 1913?

A

To exclude nine-county province of Ulster from the HR bill. It was purely tactical and was rejected.

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2
Q

Why did Carson move an amendment to the HR Bill in Jan 1913?

A

As a tactical move to focus attention on Ulster’s hostility to a Catholic parliament

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3
Q

What did Asquith do in response to Carson’s Jan 1913 amendment?

A

Once again, he played ‘wait-and-see’; to not confront the issue.

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4
Q

Who moved an amendment to the HR bill in Jan 1913?

A

Unionist Carson

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5
Q

Who called for a compromise in HR bill in Sep 1913?

A

Lord Loreburn, a Liberal peer. He warned of serious rioting in Ulster if there was no change to bill.

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6
Q

What did Lord Loreburn think would happen if HR bill was unchanged? What did this letter mean?

A

Serious rioting in Ulster; temperature was rising in the Irish political sphere - precursor to civil war.

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7
Q

When did Churchill and Bonar Law meet for secret talks about HR?

A

By September 1913

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8
Q

Who did Churchill meet with secretly to discuss HR?

A

Bonar Law

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9
Q

Who did Bonar Law meet with to discuss HR in Mid-Late 1913?

A

Churchill (Head of Navy) and Asquith (PM)

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10
Q

Who did Asquith meet to discuss HR in Autumn 1913?

A

Law and Carson

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11
Q

Who did Asquith meet to discuss HR in Dec 1913 and Jan 1914?

A

Respectively, Law and Carson.

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12
Q

What did Asquith propose to avoid violence in Ulster?

A

Home Rule within Home Rule - Parliament in Belfast and Dublin

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13
Q

What did Home Rule within Home Rule mean?

A

Separate parliaments based in Belfast and in Dublin.

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14
Q

How did Carson respond to Asquith’s HR within HR proposition?

A

He rejected it. Demanded six counties permanently excluded. Asquith turned this down.

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15
Q

What did Asquith tell Redmond in Feb 1914 regarding HR?

A

Some form of exclusion was unavoidable - this was not great for the IPP

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16
Q

What was the ‘Price of Peace’ proposal?

A

That counties could vote to be excluded from HR for period of 6 years.

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17
Q

How did Nationalist Redmond respond to the Price of Peace proposal?

A

He accepted it 6 Mar 1914

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18
Q

How did Unionist Carson respond to the Price of Peace proposal?

A

He rejected time limit - “don’t want a sentence of death with a stay of execution for six years”.

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19
Q

Ultimately, what happened to the Price of Peace proposal?

A

It was added to the HR bill.

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20
Q

What grew and spread as HR made its way through parliament?

A

Threat of violence. Unionist and Conservative leaders made veiled threats since 1912.

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21
Q

When was the Irish Volunteer Force (IVF) formed?

A

November 1913

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22
Q

What formed in November 1913?

A

Irish Volunteer Force (IVF)

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23
Q

What move showed concern in Nationalist Ireland for Redmond’s handling of HR crisis?

A

The formation of the Irish Volunteer Force - they would take it into their own hands; paramilitary alternatives were gaining support.

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24
Q

What did the formation of the IVF in Nov 1913 mean?

A

Paramilitary alternatives were gaining support.

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25
Q

Who was Eoin MacNeill?

A

An Irish Nationalist and Gaelic Revivalist who wrote the article ‘The North Began’ which called on Irish Nationalists to form a force to reinforce their demands of HR

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26
Q

When was the IVF formed?

A

25 Nov 1913

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27
Q

How was Eoin MacNeill involved in forming IVF?

A

In his article ‘The North Began’, he called on Irish nationalists to form a force to further demand home rule.

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28
Q

What did Patrick Pearse say about IVF formation?

A

“I think the Orangeman with a rifle a much less ridiculous figure than a nationalist without one.”

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29
Q

What made Redmond initially weary of supporting the IVF?

A

Involvement of Irish Republican Brotherhood.

30
Q

What bill did Bonar Law consider to amend or reject early 1914?

A

The Army Annual Bill (through the HofLords)

31
Q

Why did Law consider amending or rejected the Army Annual Bill?

A

This law regulated code of military discipline - would leave gov no way of coercing Ulstermen for enlistment

32
Q

When!! did Law consider amending or rejected the Army Annual Bill?

A

Early 1914

33
Q

What act of Bonar Law in early 1914, would have caused a constitutional crisis, but never happened?

A

Amendment of Army Annual Bill

34
Q

What did the Curragh Incident result in?

A

1) Unionist confidence
2) Convinced Irish nationalists that they could not expect support from the British Army in Ireland

35
Q

What was the Curragh Incident/Mutiny?

A

58 army officer based at Curragh Camp (Main base of British Army in Ireland) said if orders given to use force against Unionists, they’d refuse.

36
Q

What critical incident limited the government’s military capabilities in Ireland?

A

Curragh Incident - officers demanded written promise that they would not be use to coerce Ulster

37
Q

When was the Curragh Incident/Mutiny?

A

20 Mar 1914

38
Q

What made Law’s attempted revision of Army Annual Bill unnecessary?

A

The Curragh Mutiny/Incident -> limited British gov chances of applying pressure to force concessions from Unionists

39
Q

What did the UVF receive in April 1914?

A

Consignment of arms and ammunition = 25k rifles - increase to 40k total

40
Q

What was the Larne gun-running incident?

A

Major Crawford (UVF) purchased 25k rifles and sent them to UVF even though this was illegal.

41
Q

What was the main goal of the Larne gun-running?

A

A propaganda coup for UVF

42
Q

How did Asquith respond to Larne Gun-running?

A

Law and Carson took responsibility. Asquith condemned the act, but did not prosecute Carson.

43
Q

How did UVF membership increase after the Larne gun-running?

A

7,000 Mar 1914 -> 130,000 May 1914

44
Q

What did Redmond do to control the growth of the IVF?

A

Forced Provisional Committee of IVF to accept 25 new members from IPP.

45
Q

What happened to the 25 IPP members sent to the IVF by Redmond?

A

They were given nominal roles.

46
Q

Who controlled the IVF?

A

Irish Republican Brotherhood.

47
Q

Who organised the Howth gun-running?

A

Sir Casement (Protestant Irish Nationalist)

48
Q

What was the result of the Howth gun-running?

A

1) Dublin Met. Police & small troops tried to seize arms
2) Marched to Howth. failed to seize.
3) Followed by angry crowds who threw bottles & stones
4) Troops fired, killing 3 and wounding 38

49
Q

What were the casualties of the Howth Raid

A

3 dead
38 wounded

50
Q

How did people react to the Howth Raid?

A

Nationalists outraged. Accused authorities + Asquith of bias towards Ulster/Unionists (Larne gun-running)

51
Q

When was the Third Home Rule Bill passed in HofC?

A

25 May 1914

52
Q

What happened to Price of Peace amendment after 3rd HR was passed?

A

Rejected by HofL and removed.

53
Q

When was the Howth gun-running?

A

26 July 1914

54
Q

What happened in July 1914?

A

Howth gun-running - troops killed 3 people, wounded 38

55
Q

Who attended the Buckingham Palace Conference, July 1914?

A

Liberals (Asquith & George)
IPP (Redmond & Dillon)
Conservatives (Law and Lansdowne)
Unionists (Carson and Craig)

56
Q

When was the Buckingham Palace Conference?

A

21-24 July 1914

57
Q

Which two issues took focus at the Buckingham Palace Conference?

A

1) The area to be excluded from HR
2) The time limit for exclusion

58
Q

At the Buckingham Palace Conference, who demanded for permanent exclusion of six counties.

A

Carson

59
Q

What was Redmond willing to accept at the Buck. Conf.?

A

Temp exclusion of six counties.

60
Q

Was the Buck. Conf. a success?

A

No. It broke up without agreement.

61
Q

When did The Home Rule Act (Govern. of Ireland Act) hit the statute book?

A

18 September 1914

62
Q

What two limitations were put on the HR Act?

A

1) Suspensory Act postponed operations until end of WW1
2) Special provision to be made for Ulster before it came into force

63
Q

What happened 18 September 1914?

A

The Home Rule Act was given royal assent, becoming law.

64
Q

What did the limitations on the HR Act mean for politics in Ireland?

A

It was at a standstill. Now a continued, worsened state of beauocracy.

65
Q

How did Carson feel about about passing of HR Act?

A

He was disappointed. He wanted complete defeat, not partial.

66
Q

How did Carson feel towards exclusion of six counties from HR Act?

A

Always wanted complete defeat but settled for six counties come 1913.

67
Q

How did Craig feel towards HR act?

A

He was angry there was not a clear exclusion - continued indecision of gov.

68
Q

What was Craig prioritised with?

A

Welfare of Protestant majority in Ulster

69
Q

What was the one thing Craig was satisfied with, from the HR Act?

A

Provision would need to be made for Ulster.

70
Q

How did Southern Unionists feel about HR Act being passed?

A

They had been abandoned by Northern Unionists who accepted provision. They were told Ulster Unionism would defeat HR for all Ireland.

71
Q

How did Redmond feel about HR Act being passed?

A

He was relieved. He was first Nationalist leader gain HR - although could not be implemented until after WW1.

72
Q

Why is Asquith and BLP blamed for HR crisis?

A

1) No clear provision for Ulster
2) Concerned with finance rather than Unionist opposition
3) HR was tactical alliance for Asquith - had no passion for it
4) Underestimated opposition - sided w/ Redmond that Unionism was a bluff
5) Asquith’s gov ignored Churchill & George’s concerns
6) Wait and see
7) No plan, only reacted to events
8) Did not utilise Birrell as link to IPP - was overworked and under-assisted

A Level History (6 decks)

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