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A Level History > Christmas Exam ('00-'14) Part 1 > Flashcards

Christmas Exam ('00-'14) Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What party did William Gladstone lead?

A

British Liberal Party (Whigs)

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2
Q

When did Gladstone lead the British Liberal Party?

A

1868 - 1875

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3
Q

Who were the BLP?

A

British Liberal Party

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4
Q

Who led the BLP during the 1860s and 1870s?

A

William Gladstone

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5
Q

Who was William Gladstone?

A

Leader of British Liberal Party (1868-1875)
Prime Minister (1868-1894)

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6
Q

What cause did Gladstone commit the BLP to in the late 19C?

A

Home Rule Movement

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7
Q

Which party did the BLP form an alliance with in 1914?

A

Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP)

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8
Q

Who led the IPP during the 1880s?

A

Parnell

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9
Q

When was the First Home Rule Bill defeated by HofC?

A

1886

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10
Q

When was the Second Home Rule Bull passed by HofC but defeated by HofL?

A

1893

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11
Q

What movement began to rise in 1880s? What was their main goal?

A

Home Rule - wanted HR gov in Dublin

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12
Q

Who was Prime Minister from the 1860s-1890s

A

William Gladstone

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13
Q

Who was Prime Minister from 1908-1916?

A

Asquith

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14
Q

When was Asquith Prime Minister?

A

1908-1916

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15
Q

Who was Prime Minister during WW1

A

Asquith (‘08-‘16) and George (‘16-‘22)

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16
Q

Who was H. H. Asquith?

A

Leader of British Liberal Party (1908-1926)
Prime Minister (1908-1916)

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17
Q

Which party did Asquith lead?

A

British Liberal Party (Whigs)

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18
Q

What role did David Lloyd George fill between 1908 and 1915?

A

Chancellor

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19
Q

Who was chancellor between 1908 and 1914?

A

David Lloyd George

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20
Q

Who was David Lloyd George?

A

[Member of Liberal Party]
President of Board of Trade (1905-1908)
Chancellor (1908-1915)
Prime Minister (1916-1922)

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21
Q

What did George want in 1909?

A

Budget to fund Liberal social reform programme in Britain paid by taxes of wealthy. HofL rejected, but was eventually passed.

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22
Q

What bill did PM Asquith introduce in Aug 1911?

A

Parliament Bill: if Lords rejected a bill, still become law in third reading in HofC only after two years.

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23
Q

When was Asquith’s Parliament Bill introduced?

A

August 1911

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24
Q

Who won the Jan and Dec 1910 general elections but caused a hung parliament?

A

BLP

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25
Q

What happened as a result of both Jan and Dec 1910 gen. elections?

A

BLP narrowly won, resulting in a hung parliament

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26
Q

Who led the IPP between 1900-1918?

A

John Redmond

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27
Q

Who led the IPP in WWI?

A

John Redmond

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28
Q

When did John Redmond lead the IPP?

A

1900-1918

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29
Q

Who was John Redmond?

A

[Irish politician]
Leader of IPP (1900-1918)

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30
Q

Which party held the balance of power during the hung parliament of 1910?

A

The IPP under Redmond

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31
Q

What were the IPP prepared to do during the hung parliament of 1910?

A

Support the BLP in return for Home Rule

32
Q

What bill of 1911 paved the way for Home Rule?

A

The Parliament Bill introd. by Asquith in August 1911

33
Q

What changed for the BLP in Jan and Dec 2010 elections?

A

BLP won narrowly in Jan (274-272) and in Dec (272: 271) gaining seats in the process

34
Q

What changed for the Conservatives in Jan and Dec 2010 elections?

A

They lost to BLP narrowly in Jan and Dec

35
Q

What represented the British gov in Ireland?

A

An executive based in Dublin Castle - Lord Lieutenant (Viceroy) was the Crown’s chief rep but held little power.

36
Q

Who held the real power for British gov, in Ireland?

A

Chief Secretary

37
Q

What did the Chief Secretary do in Ireland?

A

Spoke on Irish issues in HofC

38
Q

Who was Chief Secretary in Ireland from 1908/1905 to 1916?

A

Augustine Birrell - [Liberal]

39
Q

How did the Unionists feel towards the Act of Union (1801)?

A

They supported it.

40
Q

Why did unionists oppose Home Rule?

A

1) Feared Irish Nationalists would use HR to gain independence
2) Feared being ruled by Catholic gov w/ strong ties to CC
3) Strong industrial economy would suffer in union severed

41
Q

What was the McCann case of 1910?

A

A Belfast Catholic (Mr. McCann) abandoned Protestant wife and took their children w/ him, in name of Catholic teaching of Ne Temere decree. This spread worries of Catholic leadership.

42
Q

What was the Ne Temere decree of 1907?

A

Declared marriage of Protestant and Catholic was void unless performed in Catholic church & their children must be raised Catholic

43
Q

Who was leader of the Irish Unionist Party (IUP) in 1910s?

A

Edward Carson

44
Q

When was Carson leader of the IUP?

A

1910-1921

45
Q

What was the IUP?

A

Irish Unionist Party

46
Q

Who was Edward Carson?

A

A Protestant Lawyer from Dublin, and an Irish Unionist who led the IUP between 1910-1921, and the UUPP between 1911-1921

47
Q

What was the UUPP?

A

Ulster Unionist Parliamentary Party

48
Q

Who was leader of the Ulster Unionist Parliamentary Party (UUPP) between 1911-1921?

A

Edward Carson

49
Q

What did Carson want to happen with Ulster resistance?

A

Enough Ulster resistance would kill Home Rule completely (for all of Ireland; not just Ulster)

50
Q

What were the positives of Carson?

A

He was an outstanding lawyer, and he brought intellect and gravitas to the leadership role.

51
Q

Who was James Craig?

A

1) A stockbroker and Orangeman
2) Organisational genius of Ulster Unionism
3) A (Belfast) Unionist MP for East Down
4) Rallied support in Ulster for Carson

52
Q

Who was Bonar Law?

A

[Conservative Scotsman]
1) Parliamentary Sec. to Board of Trade (1902-1905)
2) Leader of Conservative Party (1911-1923)

53
Q

Who were the main three Unionist figures?

A

Carson, Craig and Law

54
Q

Why did Bonar get involved in Unionism in Ulster?

A

As rallying cry to reunite conservative party and destroy the BLP

55
Q

What were Bonar Law’s politics like?

A

Harsh, critical rhetoric, extreme language and threats of violence in speeches in the Commons

56
Q

What happened in Sep 1911?

A

Craig organised a massive demonstration of 50,000 people in Craigavon. Carson promised to create (provisional) gov for Protestant province of Ulster if HR happened.

57
Q

What happened Easter 1912?

A

Craig organised monster demonstration of 100,000 people at Balmoral showgrounds. Cons. & Unionists were united.

58
Q

What happened in July 1912?

A

Unionist conference at Blenheim Palace (England) of 13,000 people. Ominous speech from Bonar Law.

59
Q

What did Bonar Law say at Blenheim conference?

A

“stronger things than parliamentary majorities”
HR is “corrupt parliamentary bargain”
if HR enforced they would be “justified in resisting by all means…including force”

60
Q

What happened September 1912?

A

Ulster Solemn League and Covenant signed by 471,414 people

61
Q

When was Ulster Solemn League and Covenant signed?

A

Around 28 September 1912

62
Q

What did the Ulster Covenant swear to?

A

That Ulstermen would use all means necessary to defeat conspiracy of HR

63
Q

What happened January 1913?

A

The paramilitary body Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) was formally established

64
Q

When did the Ulster Volunteer Force form?

A

31 January 1913

65
Q

How many members did UVF have by end 1913?

A

90,000

66
Q

What was formed September 1913?

A

Ulster Provisional Government

67
Q

When was the Ulster Provisional Government (UPG) formed?

A

27 September 1913

68
Q

What reasons were given for opposition to Home Rule?

A

For Unionists, HR meant a Dublin parliament dom. by the CC to the detriment of economic progress; threat to their cultural identity as British & Irish. Possible descrim. against them as a religious minority.

69
Q

When was the Third Home Rule Bill introduced by Asquith?

A

April 1912

70
Q

What did the Third Home Rule Bill specify?

A

To grant Irish self-governance.
Only exclusively Irish affairs to be handled by Irish Home Rule parliament (exclud. taxes). All legislation had to pass through British parliament.

71
Q

Who moved an amendment to the bill calling for NE Ulster to be excluded? What happened to this amendment?

A

Liberal MP Agar-Robartes. Asquith rejected it.

72
Q

Who supported Agar-Robartes amendment to the Third HR Bill?

A

Unionists & Conservatives

73
Q

How many Irish MPs wanted HR?

A

80%

74
Q

What did Redmond think of Unionist opposition to HR in 1910s?

A

That it was a bluff. He would not provide a provision for Ulster. Believed if Liberal gov stood strong, Unionism would evaporate.

75
Q

What did Redmond say about the two-state theory of Unionism?

A

He called it an abomination and blasphemy

A Level History (6 decks)

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