Textbook Chapter 2.10-2.16 Flashcards
The transmission of messages from one neuron to another across a synapse:
Synaptic Transmission
Brief de/hyper polarizations that increase or decrease the rate of firing of the axon of the postsynaptic neuron:
Postsynaptic Potentials
A chemical that attaches to a binding site:
Ligand
Small, rounded objects in the shape of spheres or ovoids:
Synaptic Vesicles
Fill vesicles with the neurotransmitter:
Transport Proteins
Involved in the release of neurotransmitters and recycling of the vesicles:
Trafficking Proteins
When clusters of protein molecules attach to other protein molecules located in the presynaptic membrane:
Docking
Open neurotransmitter-dependent ions after binding occurs, which permits the passage of specific ions into or out of the cell:
Postsynaptic Receptors
A combination receptor/ion channel that opens when a molecule of an appropriate neurotransmitter attaches to it:
Ionotropic Receptor
Receptors that involve steps that require that the cell expend metabolic energy:
Metabotropic Receptors
Extremely rapid removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft by the terminal buttons:
Reuptake
Accomplished by an enzyme that destroys molecules of the neurotransmitter:
Enzymatic Deactivation
The interaction of the effects of excitatory and inhibitory synapses on a particular neuron:
Neural Integration
Receptors that respond to neurotransmitters they release. They regulate internal processes, including the synthesis and release of the neurotransmitter:
Autoreceptors
If the activity of the axoaxonic synapse decreases the release of the neurotransmitter:
Presynaptic Inhibition
If the activity of the axoaxonic synapse increases the release of the neurotransmitter:
Presynaptic Facilitation
Chemicals released by neurons that travel farther and are dispersed more widely than neurotransmitters:
Neuromodulators
Chains of amino acids (most neuromodulators are these):
Peptides
Cells that contain receptors for a particular hormone:
Target Cells
