In Class Notes (2/7) Flashcards
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe.
A brain structure located under the temporal and occipital lobes, involved in motor control and coordination:
Cerebellum
The outermost layer of the brain, divided into grey and white matter:
The cortex
The inner regions of the brain beneath the cortex:
The subcortex
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
Involuntary functions, such as organ regulation
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Increases energy and physical arousal (fight-or-flight response)
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Decreases energy and promotes relaxation (rest-and-digest)
What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
Sensations and voluntary movement.
Nerves that connect directly to the brain, affecting the face, neck, and torso:
Cranial Nerves
Nerves that connect to the spine:
Spinal Nerves
How do sensory neurons contribute to social interactions?
Sensory neurons in the PNS detect stimuli such as voice, facial expression, and body language, sending this information to the CNS for processing.
What role do interneurons play in social interactions?
They process sensory input in the CNS and interpret behaviors like eye contact and smiling as friendly.
How do motor neurons contribute to social interactions?
They send signals from the CNS to muscles, enabling responses like smiling or shaking hands.
Neurons with one process that splits into two branches, acting as both a dendrite and an axon. They do not exist in humans:
Unipolar Neurons
Neurons with two processes (one dendrite and one axon). They are important for sensory perception:
Bipolar Neurons
Neurons that develop from bipolar neurons. Their process splits into two branches, functioning like a dendrite and an axon. The only unipolar neurons in humans:
What are pseudounipolar neurons?
Neurons with multiple dendrites and one axon, commonly found in the brain:
What are multipolar neurons?
A type of multipolar neuron found in the cerebral cortex. They have a pyramid-shaped soma, long apical dendrites, and a long axon:
What are pyramidal neurons?
Large inhibitory neurons with intricate dendritic trees. They regulate excitatory and inhibitory neurons:
Purkinje Neurons
Star-shaped neurons that lack an apical dendrite and have short axons. They can be excitatory (with spines) or inhibitory (without spines):
Stellate Neurons
How do stellate neurons function in the cerebellum vs. the cortex?
-Cerebellum: Inhibitory, downregulating Purkinje neurons.
-Cortex: Excitatory, upregulating pyramidal cells.
