Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology > Textbook Ch.7 > Flashcards

Textbook Ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone functions include

A

Muscle attachment, protection, support, blood cell formation, and storage of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Articular cartilage

A

(Hyaline cartilage) that covers the epiphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough layer of vascular connective that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bony processes and grooves do what

A

Indicate places of attachment for muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compact bone

A

Makes up the wall of the diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells that are located within lacunae that lie in concentric circles around Haversian canals surrounded by the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteocytes do what

A

Pass nutrients and gases in the matrix through canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do bones form

A

By replacing connective tissue in the fetus, within sheet like
Ayres of connective tissue (intramembranous bones), or replacing masses of cartilage (endochondral bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The flat bones of the skull form as intramembranous bones that develop from…

A

Layers of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most bones fall into what category

A

Endochondral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

They first develop as blank cartilage models and then are replaced with blank

A

Hyaline; bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum lay down blank outside the blank

A

Compact bone; spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down the calcified matrix and are replaced with bone building osteoblasts that deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiphyseal plates are responsible for what

A

Lengthening bones while increases in thickness are due to intramembranous ossification underneath the periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain homeostasis of bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts tear down and osteoblasts build bone through the lifespan with the processes of resorption and deposition with an average of three to five percent of bone calcium exchanged annually (also destroys tissue such as cancer) (responsible for removing excess tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bones give shape to

A

Head, thorax, and limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bones such a such as the pelvis and lower limbs…

A

Provide support for the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bones of the skull protect…

A

Brain, ears, and eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Red marrow

A

Functions in the formation of red and white blood cells, platelets, and is found in the spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Occupies the cavities of most bones and stores fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The inorganic matrix of bone stores inorganic mineral salts in the form of blank that is important in many metabolic processes

A

Calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The axial skeleton consists of

A

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, vertebrae and intervertebral disks, and thorax (ribs and sternum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The appendicular skeleton consists of

A

Pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), upper limbs, pelvic girdle (coxal bones articulating with the sacrum), and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The skull is made up of blank bones, including blank cranial bones, blank facial bones, and the mandible

A

22,8,13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The cranium does what

A

Encloses and protects the brain, provides attachments for muscles, and contains air filled sinuses that reduce its weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Features of the frontal bone include supra orbital blank and frontal blanks

A

Foramina; sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The 13 immovable facial bones and mandible do what

A

Form the basic face and provide attachments for muscles of mastication and expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The maxillae form the…

A

Upper jaw, hard palate, floor of the orbits, and sides of the nasal cavity, house the nasal cavity, and contain large maxillary sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Zygomatic bones make up what

A

The cheekbones and join with the the temporal bones to form the zygomatic arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Nasal bones form what

A

The bridge of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The mandible does what

A

Supports the lower teeth and includes a mandibular condyle, coronoid process, and alveolar arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fontanels do what

A

Aka soft spots aid passage through the birth canal of the infantile skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Vertical axis

A

Formed by vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones are the smallest of the vertebrae that comprise the neck and support the head

36
Q

Atlas

A

Appears as a bony ring and supports head

37
Q

Axis

A

Toothlike dens that pivot within the atlas

38
Q

Bifid spinous processes and transverse foramina

A

Features that separate cervical vertebrae from the rest

39
Q

Blank thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs

A

12

40
Q

The blank massive lumbar vertebrae…

A

5; support the weight of the body

41
Q

Sacrum

A

Triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column made up of five vertebrae fused into one bone

42
Q

Coccyx

A

Lowermost portion of the vertebral column and is composed of four fused vertebrae

43
Q

Thoracic cage includes

A

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilages

44
Q

Thoracic cage supports what

A

Pectoral girdle, upper limbs, functions in breathing, and protects thoracic and upper abdominal organs

45
Q

There are normally blank pairs of ribs that attach to the thoracic vertebrae

A

12

46
Q

True (vertebrosternal) ribs

A

First seven pairs of ribs that join the sternum directly by their costal cartilages

47
Q

False ribs

A

The remaining five pairs of ribs; first three are vertebrochondral and last two are floating

48
Q

Sternum is located where

A

Along the anterior midline of the thoracic cage

49
Q

Sternum consists of what

A

Upper manubrium, middle body, and, lower zyphoid process

50
Q

The pectoral girdle is made up of

A

Two scapulae and two clavicles

51
Q

Bones of the upper limb form the framework for the…

A

Arm, forearm, and hand

52
Q

Humerus

A

Makes up the upper arm, extending from scapula to elbow

53
Q

Radius is located where

A

On thumb side of forearm, extending from elbow to wrist; flattened head of radius pivots with humerus

54
Q

Ulna

A

Longer of the two bones making up the forearm and has a trochlear notch that articulates with the humerus

55
Q

The wrist of the hand is made up of blank carpal bones bound into a carpus

A

8

56
Q

The framework of the hand is made up of blank metacarpal bones

A

5

57
Q

Fingers are composed of blank phalanges in each finger except thumb which lacks the middle phalanx

A

3

58
Q

The pelvic girdle consist of blank coxal bones and the sacrum; it does what

A

2; it supports the trunk of the body on the lower limbs

59
Q

Pelvic girdle does what

A

Protects the lower abdominal and pelvic organs

60
Q

Coxal bone is made up of what three bones

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis and are fused in the region of the acetabulum (cup like depression that articulates with head of femur)

61
Q

Bones of the lower limb provide framework for…

A

Thigh, lower leg, and foot

62
Q

Femur extends from… To…

A

Hip to knee and is heaviest/ longest bone in body

63
Q

Patella is located where

A

In tendon that passes over knee

64
Q

Tibia

A

Shinbone; supports weight of body and articulates with femur and with tarsal bones of foot

65
Q

Fibula

A

Slender bone lateral to the tibia; does not bear body weight

66
Q

Lateral malleoulus forms what

A

Lateral ankle

67
Q

Ankle is composed of how many tarsal bones

A

7; forming a tarsus

68
Q

Talus articulates with

A

Tibia and fibula

69
Q

Calcaneus supports

A

Body weight

70
Q

Arch

A

Instep of foot consists of five metatarsal bones

71
Q

Joints

A

Aka articulations; functional junctions between bones

72
Q

Joints enable

A

A wide variety of body movements

73
Q

Joints can be…

A

Immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable

74
Q

Hyaline cartilage or disks of fibrocartilage do what

A

Unite the bones in cartilaginous joints

75
Q

Intervertebral disks

A

Help absorb shock and are slightly movable

76
Q

Synovial joints

A

Most joints are synovial, articular ends of bone in synovial joint covered with hyaline cartilage

77
Q

Joint capsule

A

Consists of an outer layer of dense connective tissue that joins the periosteum and an inner layer made up of synovial membrane

78
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates articulating surfaces within joint and has consistency of egg whites

79
Q

Some synovial joints contain…

A

Shock absorbing pads of fibrocartilage called menisci

80
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs at synovial joints

81
Q

Know shapes and movements of synovial joints (notes)

A

Got it?

82
Q

Know types of joint movements (notes and book)

A

Got it?

83
Q

Table 7.3

A

Got it?

84
Q

p.131 and 135

A

Got it?

85
Q

True/ False: bone is an organ

A

True

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions