LOM ch.15 Flashcards
calcuim
one of the mineral constituents of bone
cancellous bone
spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone
carpals
wrist bones
cartilage
flexible, rubbery, connective tissue found in the immature skeleton, epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
clavicle
collar bone
compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones
cranial bones
skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
comminuted fracture
A break or splinter of a bone into more than two fragments
condyle
the round prominence at the end of a bone
diaphysis
shaft (mid portion) of a long bone
epiphysis
each end of a long bone
ethmoid bone
thin, delicate, supports nasal cavity, forms part of the eye sockets, composed of cancellous bone
exostosis
bony growth (benign) rising from the surface of the bone
femur
thigh bone
fibula
smaller lower leg bone
foramen magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
frontal bone
Forms forehead and roof of the bony sockets that contain the eye
haversian canals
minute spaces filled w/ blood vessels; found in compact bone
humeral
pertaining to the upper arm bone
humerus
upper arm bone
kyphosis
hunchback condition
laminectomy
removal of the lamina
lordosis
swayback condition
mandible
lower jawbone
mastoid process
round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
metatarsals
foot bones
myelpoiesis
the production of bone marrow
occipital bone
forms back and base of skull and joins parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture
orthopedics
field of medicine dealing with bones in children
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
osteodystrophy
dystrophic growth of the bone
osteomalacia
softening of the bone w/ inadequate amounts of calcium in the bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and marrow secondary to infection
patella
kneecap
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones; rich i blood vessels and nerve tissue
phalanges
finger and toe bones
phosphorous
mineral substance in bones found in combination w/ calcium
scapula
shoulder blade
scoliosis
spine bent abnormally to the side
sphenoid bone
extends behind eyes and forms part of the base of the skull; joins w/ frontal, occipital, and ethmoid bones
spondylolisthesis
slipping of the vertebra
sternum
breastbone
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving talus)
temporal bone
two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium; each bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining w/ mandible
vertebra
individual segment of spine; encloses neural canal
vomer
thin, single, flat bone that forms lower portion of the nasal septum
zygomatic bones
two bones on either side of the face that from the high portion of the cheek
abduction
movement away from the body
achondroplasia
arm and leg bones fail to grow to their full size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation (dwarfism)
adduction
movement toward the body
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis w/ stiffening of the joints, priarly of the spine
ankylosis
condition of stiffness
arthrotomy
cutting of the joint
articular cartilage
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of the joint
atrophy
decrease in size
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at base of the big toe
bursa
sac of fluid near a joint
bursitis
inflammation of bursa
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the median nerve as it passes between ligaments, bones, and tendons of wrist
chondroma
tumor or mass of cartilage
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint
extension
straightening of a flexed limb
flexion
bending limb; decreasing angle between bones
ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons; usually in hand
gouty arthritis
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle that lines walls of internal organs
ligamentous
pertaining to ligament
lyme disease
disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; caused by a bacterium from a tick
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by a progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers w/ out involvement of nervous system
osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease w/ loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteocytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces
pronation
turning the palm downward
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition w/ inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
rheumatologist
doctor who deals w/ arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and pain disorders affecting joints
rotation
circular movement around a central point
synovial fluid
contains water and nutrients that nourish and lubricate joints
synovial joint
a freely movable joint
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, CNS, heart, and lungs
tendinits
inflammation of the tendon
tendon
connective tissue; muscles to bones
tenorrhaphy
surgical suturing of tendon
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of joint
acromion
outward extension of shoulder blade forming point of shoulder; overlies shoulder joint and articulates w/ clavicle
