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Anatomy And Physiology > LOM ch.15 > Flashcards

LOM ch.15 Flashcards

1
Q

calcuim

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

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2
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone

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3
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

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4
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, rubbery, connective tissue found in the immature skeleton, epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces

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5
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

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6
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones

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7
Q

cranial bones

A

skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

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8
Q

comminuted fracture

A

A break or splinter of a bone into more than two fragments

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9
Q

condyle

A

the round prominence at the end of a bone

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10
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft (mid portion) of a long bone

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11
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone

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12
Q

ethmoid bone

A

thin, delicate, supports nasal cavity, forms part of the eye sockets, composed of cancellous bone

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13
Q

exostosis

A

bony growth (benign) rising from the surface of the bone

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14
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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15
Q

fibula

A

smaller lower leg bone

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16
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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17
Q

frontal bone

A

Forms forehead and roof of the bony sockets that contain the eye

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18
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled w/ blood vessels; found in compact bone

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19
Q

humeral

A

pertaining to the upper arm bone

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20
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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21
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback condition

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22
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of the lamina

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23
Q

lordosis

A

swayback condition

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24
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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25
Q

mastoid process

A

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

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26
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

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27
Q

myelpoiesis

A

the production of bone marrow

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28
Q

occipital bone

A

forms back and base of skull and joins parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture

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29
Q

orthopedics

A

field of medicine dealing with bones in children

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30
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

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31
Q

osteodystrophy

A

dystrophic growth of the bone

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32
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone w/ inadequate amounts of calcium in the bone

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33
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and marrow secondary to infection

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34
Q

patella

A

kneecap

35
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bones; rich i blood vessels and nerve tissue

36
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

37
Q

phosphorous

A

mineral substance in bones found in combination w/ calcium

38
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

39
Q

scoliosis

A

spine bent abnormally to the side

40
Q

sphenoid bone

A

extends behind eyes and forms part of the base of the skull; joins w/ frontal, occipital, and ethmoid bones

41
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

slipping of the vertebra

42
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

43
Q

talipes

A

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving talus)

44
Q

temporal bone

A

two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium; each bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining w/ mandible

45
Q

vertebra

A

individual segment of spine; encloses neural canal

46
Q

vomer

A

thin, single, flat bone that forms lower portion of the nasal septum

47
Q

zygomatic bones

A

two bones on either side of the face that from the high portion of the cheek

48
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

49
Q

achondroplasia

A

arm and leg bones fail to grow to their full size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation (dwarfism)

50
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the body

51
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive arthritis w/ stiffening of the joints, priarly of the spine

52
Q

ankylosis

A

condition of stiffness

53
Q

arthrotomy

A

cutting of the joint

54
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of the joint

55
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size

56
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at base of the big toe

57
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near a joint

58
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa

59
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve as it passes between ligaments, bones, and tendons of wrist

60
Q

chondroma

A

tumor or mass of cartilage

61
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

62
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint

63
Q

extension

A

straightening of a flexed limb

64
Q

flexion

A

bending limb; decreasing angle between bones

65
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons; usually in hand

66
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

67
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth muscle that lines walls of internal organs

68
Q

ligamentous

A

pertaining to ligament

69
Q

lyme disease

A

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; caused by a bacterium from a tick

70
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited diseases characterized by a progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers w/ out involvement of nervous system

71
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease w/ loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteocytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

72
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm downward

73
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic joint condition w/ inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

74
Q

rheumatologist

A

doctor who deals w/ arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and pain disorders affecting joints

75
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around a central point

76
Q

synovial fluid

A

contains water and nutrients that nourish and lubricate joints

77
Q

synovial joint

A

a freely movable joint

78
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, CNS, heart, and lungs

79
Q

tendinits

A

inflammation of the tendon

80
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue; muscles to bones

81
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of tendon

82
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of joint

83
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of shoulder blade forming point of shoulder; overlies shoulder joint and articulates w/ clavicle

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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