Textbook

Question 1

quantitative approach

Answer 1

An approach to research that emphasizes scientific empiricism in design, data collection, and statistical analyses.

Question 2

qualitative approach:

Answer 2

An approach to research that emphasizes people’s lived experiences in their own words, and the researcher’s interpretation of those experiences.

Question 3

focus groups

Answer 3

A qualitative method of data collection in which six to ten people are interviewed together about a particular topic.

Question 4

Transcription

Answer 4

Converting an audio recording to a text document that includes the words spoken, as well as other information such as pauses, dysfluencies, and body language.

Question 5

mixed-methods approach

Answer 5

Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to research.

Question 6

natural language processing (NLP)

Answer 6

Using software and algorithms in order to analyze and interpret large amounts of text.

Question 7

Corpus

Answer 7

A group of texts collected for the purpose of analysis, often using natural language processing techniques.

Question 8

coding scheme

Answer 8

A set of rules used to categorize observations during systematic observation.

Question 9

thematic analysis

Answer 9

A qualitative analysis approach that involves identifying and interpreting the major themes relevant to a research question within qualitative data.

Question 10

deductive reasoning

Answer 10

Reasoning from something more general to something more specific, such as using a broad theory to generate a specific hypothesis.

Question 11

inductive reasoning

Answer 11

Reasoning from the specific to the more general, such as making inferences regarding broader theories based on a specific study result.

Question 12

naturalistic observation

Answer 12

Systematic observations made in a natural setting in the real world; sometimes called field observation/work and useful for generating rich descriptions of phenomena. Also has roots in anthropology and study animal baheviour

Question 13

goal of researchers in naturalistic observation

Answer 13

to describe the setting, events and persons observed.
Second Goal is to interpret what was observed.

Question 14

participant observation

Answer 14

A type of naturalistic observation in which the researcher assumes an active role in the setting being researched. The researcher’s purpose may or may not be concealed.

Question 15

Two key issues in naturalistic observation

Answer 15

Weather to actively participate in the situation you are studying or not participate but still deserve

Weather to conceal your purpose ou presence from the other people in the setting, weather the researcher should be out in the open or keep their presence concealed.

Question 16

concealed observation

Answer 16

A type of naturalistic observation in which those being studied are not aware of the researcher’s presence.

Question 17

systematic observation

Answer 17

Observation of one or more specific variables, usually made in a precisely defined setting.
.

Question 18

Participant Reactivity

Answer 18

It is especially important to fully debrief participants and offer them to opportunity to forbid researchers to use their data when concealed observation tools are used.

Question 19

case study

Answer 19

An in-depth analysis of a single person or setting that often includes detailed descriptive accounts of behaviour, past history, and other relevant factors.

Question 20

archival research

Answer 20

The use of existing sources of information for research, such as census data, archived survey data, and other forms of preserved written records.

Question 21

Content analysis

Answer 21

Systematic analysis of the content of written records.

Question 22

A study was conducted in which a researcher observed the students as they answered their math questions in the classroom without attempting to influence their activity. This study used the

Answer 22

naturalistic method of observation.

Question 23

A study was conducted about the effect of the size of rooms on people’s conversations. The researchers, who posed as students, took part in students’ conversations in various social settings. In this scenario, the researchers are using the

Answer 23

participent method of observation.

Question 24

Researchers in naturalistic observation in research studies…

Answer 24

Researchers attempt not to influence what occurs in a research setting.

Question 25

A potential problem with participant observation is that

Answer 25

an observer may lose the objectivity necessary to conduct scientific observation

Question 26

Even though people may behave differently when they know they are being observed, often this reactive effect will

Answer 26

fade as participants get used to the observer

Question 27

Researchers who use naturalistic observation to study behaviour must carefully determine

Answer 27

what their role in the setting will be

Question 28

The naturalistic observation approach is most useful when

Answer 28

investigating complex social settings and developing theories based on the observation.

Question 29

The two kinds of participant observation are

Answer 29

concealed and unconcealed participant observation

Question 30

panel study

Answer 30

In survey research, administering questions to the same people at two or more points in time; also known as a longitudinal design.

Question 31

Response set

Answer 31

A pattern of responding to questions that is not related to the content of the questions themselves and thus provides inaccurate information.

Question 32

“yea-saying” or “nay-saying” response sets:

Answer 32

The tendency for some survey respondents to agree (yea) or disagree (nay) with the vast majority of questions being asked, regardless of the question content. This introduces error into the measure.

Question 33

inattentive responding

Answer 33

Responding to survey questions without reading the item content, providing answers that are not thoughtful responses to the questions asked.

Question 34

Rating scale

Answer 34

Closed-ended response option that asks participants to indicate the degree to which they agree with a particular statement.

Question 35

graphic rating scale

Answer 35

A type of closed-ended response scale option where two words appear on either side of a solid line. Participants place a mark on the line indicating their relative preference for one or the other word, which is then measured in terms of distance from one end.

Question 36

semantic differential scale

Answer 36

A type of closed-ended response where two words appear on either side of a series of dashed lines. Participants place a mark on the dash indicating their relative preference for one or the other word.

Question 37

interviewer bias

Answer 37

Intentional or unintentional influence on a respondent exerted by an interviewer, which might encourage certain responses consistent with the interviewer’s expectations