Texas History Flashcards
Native American Groups in Texas:
Caddos
Caddos were Native Americans of the Piney Woods region. They lived in villages and were .the most developed group of Native Americans in Texas. Caddos were farmers and had a ranked social system, as weH as an elaborate belief system.
Native Americans
Native Americans are not and never were one single culture. There were wide varieties in cultural patterns and languages. They were as diverse as the land they occupied because they adapted their lifestyle to match their environment. Native Americans crafted the needs of their culture from available materials; these materials came from their environment. Thus, while all groups shared common needs of food, clothing, and shelter, the diversity of plant, animal, and natural resources available influenced each Native American group to develop a unique culture.
Coahuiltecans
Coahuiltecans
Coahuiltecans were hunting and gathering Native Americans who lived inland on the Gulf Coastal Plain in what is now South Texas.
Karankawas
Karankawas
Karankawas were Native Americans who lived along the Gulf Coast. They lived as nomads and survived by hunting and gathering,
Tonkawas
Tonkawas
Tonkawas were nomadic Native Americans who lived in the area of what is now Central Texas. They hunted small animals and buffalo,
Lipan Apaches
Lipan Apaches were Native Americans who lived in the area of the Hill Country north to the Red-River. They farmed and hunted. After capturing and learning to ride horses. Lipan Apaches hunted buffalo and spent less time farming.
Comanche
Comanche were Native Americans who lived on the High Plains in what is now the Texas Panhandle before they had horses, Comanche were hunters and gatherers, but the horse allowed them to hunt buffalo. Comanche were fierce hunters and warriors who spread across Texas and pushed other tribes out.
Jumano
Jumano were Native Americans who lived in the far western part of Texas, which is mostly desert, Jumano were farmers who irrigated crops and lived in villages.
Atakapans
Atakapans were Native Americans who lived along the upper Gulf of Mexico coast. Atakapans were hunter-gathers.
Pueblo
Pueblo were Native Americans who lived in far west Texas. Pueblos built a great civilization in what is now the southwestern United States, Pueblos were farmers and built adobe homes.
Missions
Missions were towns built and run by Catholic priests. The purpose of the missions was to teach Native Americans the Catholic religion and the Spanish way of life. The missions were a part of the Spanish colonial system that stretched across the southwestern United States in the 17”, 18th, and’19’” centuries. Twenty six Spanish missions were established in Texas, mostly along the Rio Grande River and’ the interior rivers of Texas bel1.veen 1690 and 1821.
Goals of Spanish Missions
Goals of Spanish Missions
Instill the Catholic faith,
Protect the interest of the Spanish Crown
Ensure self sufficiency of the area,
Presidio
A presidio is a Spanish military post, often rectangular in shape, with buildings placed inside of the fortified walls. Presidios were often built to protect mission inhabitants.
Moses Austin
Moses Austin was a Missouri businessman who persuaded the Spanish governor of Texas to give him a land grant in which to settle 300 families. He died before he could carry out his plan. His son, Stephen F. Austin, began the colony.
Stephen F. Austin
Stephen F. Austin was the son of Moses Austin and he began his colony in 1821. By 1825, there were 297 families living in the colony. The families became known as ‘‘The Old Three Hundred”. Austin was an “empresario”, an agent who made arrangements to bring settlers to Texas. He is remembered for his efforts on behalf of Texas before, during, and after the Texas Revolution with México and is called The Father of Texas.
