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pharmaco > tetracycline and aminoglycosides > Flashcards

tetracycline and aminoglycosides Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of antibiotics target the 30S subunit in the ribosomes

A

tetracyclines, glycylcycline, aminoglycosides

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2
Q

how does tetracyline work?

A

it concentrates intracellularly in susceptible organisms, the drug binds reversibly to the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This action prevents binding of tRNA to the A site of the mRNA ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

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3
Q

how is tetracycline administered, how is it absorbed

A

orally, adequately absorbed

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4
Q

what should you not administer tetracycline with

A

dairy products or other substance that contain divalent or trivalent cations, decrease absorption particularly for tetracycline due to the formation of non absorbable chelate

penicillins

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5
Q

How is the distribution of tetracycline?

A

Concentrates well in bile, liver, kidney, gingival fluid and skin, good CSF penetration.

Bind to tissues undergoing calcification or tumours that have a high calcium content.

Accumulates in dentin and gingival crevicular fluid

All tetracycline crosses placental barrier, concentrates in fetal bones and dentition

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6
Q

What kind of bacteria does tetracycline target

A

broad spectrum against a gram positive, gram negative and atypical bacterial

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7
Q

What bacteria does tetracycline have inadequate activity against

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus

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8
Q

What can tetracycline treat

A

infections caused by rickettsia, chlamydia, vibrio cholerae, mycoplasma pneumoniae

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9
Q

What Cat is tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline is for pregnancy

A

cat D

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10
Q

what can doxycyline be used for

A

skin and soft tissue infection caused by MRSA

Acne
STD

Community aquired pneumonia, S. pneumonia

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11
Q

What can minocycline be used for

A

H. influenzae, klebsiella spp, mycoplasma pneumonia, yersinia pestis

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12
Q

how is minocycline metabolised

A

extensively metabolised by liver before excretion

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13
Q

what is the difference between glycycyline and minocycline

A

it is structurally related to minocycline, it is altered to have an expanded spectrum of activity, designed to overcome tetracycline resistance

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14
Q

how is glycylcycline administered

A

IV, poor oral bioavailability

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15
Q

How does glycycline distributes

A

penetrates into tissues, but has low plasma concentration

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16
Q

What is glycycline indicated for

A

MRSA, MDR streptococci, vancomycine resistant enterococci, esbl gram negative bacteria, useful against carbapenem resistant strain

17
Q

what are the side effect of tetracycline

A
  • gastric discomfort
  • effect on calcified tissues that may cause discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth
  • hepatotoxicity
    -phototoxicity
  • vestibular dysfunction
  • renal side effects
  • superinfection that can lead to CDAD and pseudomembranous colitis
18
Q

What are the contraindication of glycycyline

A
  1. pregnant or breast feeding women
  2. children less than 8 yo
  3. last half of pregnancy, affects primary teeth
19
Q

What types of aminoglycosides are there

A
  • gentamycin
  • streptomycin
  • tobramycin
  • amikacin
    -neomycin
20
Q

how does aminoglycoside function

A

binds to the 30S subunit, blocks the formation of initiation complex.
Causes misereading of codons as wrong amino acyl tRNAs bind to the A site without matching the codon present in the mRNA at that position, inhibiting translocation

21
Q

Why does aminoglycoside not target anaerobic bacteria

A
  • because aminoglycoside is transported across the inner membrane via active transport
  • therefore bug is anaerobic, aminoglycosides will be inhibited
  • entry can be enhanced by cell wall synthesis inhibitors like beta lactams
22
Q

what are the clinical indications of aminoglycosides

A

broad spectrum antibody, primarily effective against aerobic gram negative bacteria and microbacteria

typically used to treat g- infections caused by enterobacteriaceae spp like Klebsiella, E.coli

Treat MDR microbes like pseudomonas and acinetobacter

First line defence for MDR tuberculosis

23
Q

What is the most frequent use for aminoglycoside

A

empiric therapy for serious infections like septicemia, complicated UTI, nosocomial respiratory tract infections, less effective in anaerobic environment

24
Q

What is aminoglycoside often used in combination with

A

B-lactam

25
Q

how are aminoglycosides administered

A

iv, im

26
Q

which aminoglycoside is the best for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

tobramycin

27
Q

which aminoglycoside has the widest antimicrobial spectrum of aminoglycoside

A

amikacin

28
Q

which is the most toxic aminoglycoside

A

neomycin

29
Q

when is neomycin contraindicated

A

in the prsence of intestinal obstruction

30
Q

What are the adverse effect of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

hypersensitivity

neuromuscular paralysis

31
Q

What cat is the pregnancy for aminoglycoside

A

cat D

32
Q

what is the concentration of aminoglycoside in CSF

A

inadequate CSF concentration even in the presence of inflamed meninges

pharmaco (19 decks)

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