anti hypertension Flashcards
what must your bp be to be considered hypertension
140/90mmHg
What are the complications of hypertension
- congestive heart failure
- ischaemic heart disease
- myocardial infarction
- renal damage
- cerebrovascular accidents
What are the methods used during hypertension
- diuretics
- B blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- Calcium channel blockers
What is the most widely used diuretic
thiazides
what do thiazide do
inhibit NaCL reasorption by blocking the Na+/Cl- cotransporter at the PCT, enhancing Ca2+ reabsorption at the DCT.
what is the action of thiazide dependent on
renal prostaglandin synthesis
why can thiazides lead to diuretic induced hyperuricemmia
thiazide enhance urea reabsorption and inhibit urea excretion at PCT
What are thiazide used for
hypertension and congestive heart failure
What are some example of B blockers used
Propranolol(non selective )
atenolol (B1 selective)
What are the common clinical uses for B blocker
- hypertension
- angina
- following myocardial infarction
What are the adverse effect of B blockers
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm
- sedation
- vivid dream
what does ACE stand for in ACE inhibitor
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
what are some examples of ace inhibitors
captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
What do ace inhibitors do
ace inhibitors inhibits angiotensin from converting, reducing aldosterone production and reduces vasoconstriction, lowering BP
it also inhibits breakdown of bradykinin. bradykinin helps synthesise Nitric oxide and prostaglandin which leads to vasodilation, decreasing blood pressure
What are ace inhibitors used for
hypertension, cardiac failure, following myocardial infarction
what does an accumulation of bradykinin lead to
dry cough
what is a contraindication for ace inhibitors
pregnancy
what do calcium channel blockers do
- blocks calcium channels in cardiac myocyte and smooth muscle cell, decreases myocardial contractility
what are some examples of calcium channel drugs
verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine
what are calcium channel drugs used for
- hypertension
- cardiac arrythmias
what are some adverse effect of calcium channel drugs
- constipation
- tachycardia
- severe hypotension
- dizziness, headache
- flushing
