TESTS

Question 1

Principle: The concentration of dissolved particles in a
solution determines the velocity and angle of light
passing through a solution

Answer 1

Refractometer

Question 2

Primary test for routine urinalysis is the ___________

Answer 2

reagent strip test

Question 3

Principle is based on the number of hydrogen ions (H+)
released from a polyelectrolyte (pKa) is proportional to
the number of ions in the urine

Answer 3

Reagent strip

Question 4

The indicator on the reagent strip is ____________
* Reaction - yellow-green _______
green-blue ______

Answer 4

bromothymol blue
(acid)
(alkaline)

Question 5

Considered more representative of renal concentrating
ability than specific gravity because it measures only
the number of particles and their size is not relevant

Answer 5

osmolality

Question 6

Clinical significance
* Detection of systemic acid-base disorders
* Identification of urinary crystals

Answer 6

pH

Question 7

Reagent strips measure primarily albumin

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

A result of 30 mg/dL in protein or greater is considered clinical ___________

Answer 8

Proteinuria

Question 9

Clinically significant proteinuria is primarily caused
by ____________or ____________

Answer 9

glomerular or tubular disorders

Question 10

Requires a different reagent strip capable of testing for
only albumin at levels below 10 mg/dL

Provides early detection of renal disease, particularly
in patients with diabetes

Answer 10

Microalbuminuria

Question 11

The renal threshold for glucose is _________ mg/dL

Answer 11

160 to 180

Question 12

Clinical significance

• Diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes (placental
  hormones blocking insulin)
• Hormonal disorders and stress block insulin production
  and actions
• Renal tubular disorders prevent tubular reabsorption
  of glucose

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

Intermediate metabolites of fat, acetoacetic acid,
acetone, and b-hydroxybutyric acid

Answer 13

ketones

Question 14

Clinical significance: Diabetes mellitus, monitoring of
insulin therapy, starvation, malabsorption, and loss of
carbohydrates (vomiting)

Answer 14

ketones

Question 15

Positive reactions of BLOOD are seen with __________, __________, and ____________

Answer 15

hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria

Question 16

Clinical significance: Both hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria
can cause _____________

Answer 16

acute renal failure

Question 17

Bleeding within the genitourinary system, including renal calculi, trauma, anticoagulants, glomerulonephritis,
and pyelonephritis

Answer 17

hematuria

Question 18

Intravascular hemolysis/transfusion reactions, lysis of old RBCs by dilute alkaline urine

Answer 18

Hemoglobinuria

Question 19

Rhabdomyolysis caused by muscle wasting disorders, crush injuries, prolonged coma, and cholesterol statin drugs

Answer 19

Myoglobinuria

Question 20

Products of hemoglobin degradation:

Answer 20

bilirubin and urobilinogen

Question 21

Clinical significance: Early detection of liver disease
and hemolytic disorders, constipation

Answer 21

Urobilinogen

Question 22

Detects the presence of reductase-producing bacteria
that can convert urinary nitrate to nitrite

Answer 22

Nitrite

Question 23

Clinical significance: Early detection of urinary tract
infection
* A positive nitrite test should be accompanied by a
positive leukocyte esterase test
* May be used to screen specimens for microbiology
testing

Answer 23

Nitrite

Question 24

Detects the presence of granulocytic WBCs, including
lysed WBCs

Answer 24

Leukocyte Esterase

Question 25

Clinical significance: Urinary tract infections, including
with non–reductase-containing bacteria and parasitic
and fungal organisms that would have a negative
nitrite test

Answer 25

Leukocyte Esterase