CHEMICAL URINALYSIS BY REAGENT STRIP

Question 1

NORMAL;
pH

Answer 1

First am: 5–6
Random: 4.5–8

Question 2

NORMAL;
Protein

Answer 2

Neg-trace

Question 3

NORMAL:
Glucose

Answer 3

Neg

Question 4

NORMAL;
Ketones

Answer 4

Neg

Question 5

NORMAL;
Blood

Answer 5

Neg

Question 6

NORMAL;
Bilirubin

Answer 6

Neg

Question 7

NORMAL;
Urobilinogen

Answer 7

1 Ehrlich unit or 1
mg/dL

Question 8

NORMAL:
Nitrite

Answer 8

Neg

Question 9

NORMAL:
Leukocyte esterase

Answer 9

Neg

Question 10

NORMAL:
Specific gravity (SG)

Answer 10

Random specimen:
1.003–1.030

Question 11

Principle of pH

Answer 11

Double indicator system

Question 12

Principle of Protein

Answer 12

Protein error of indicator

Question 13

Principle of Glucose

Answer 13

Glucose oxidase/ peroxidase

Question 14

Principle of Ketones

Answer 14

Sodium nitroprusside rxn

Question 15

Principle of Blood

Answer 15

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hgb

Question 16

Principle of Bilirubin

Answer 16

Diazo reaction

Question 17

Principle of Urobilinogen

Answer 17

Ehrlich’s aldehyde rxn or
diazo rxn

Question 18

Principle of Nitrite

Answer 18

Greiss reaction

Question 19

Principle of Leukocyte
esterase

Answer 19

Leukocyte esterase rxn

Question 20

Principle of Specific
gravity (SG)

Answer 20

pKa change of polyelectrolyte

Question 21

SIGNIFICANCE:
pH

Answer 21

Acid-base balance, management of urinary tract
infection (UTI)/renal calculi

[Acid with protein/meat diet; alkaline with vegetarian diet. pH 9 = improperly preserved specimen.]

Question 22

SIGNIFICANCE:
Protein

Answer 22

Possible renal disease

[Buffered to pH 3. Most sensitive to albumin. Orthostatic proteinuria—
benign condition, protein is neg in 1st am specimen, pos after standing.]

Question 23

SIGNIFICANCE:
Glucose

Answer 23

Possible diabetes mellitus

[Specific for glucose. More sensitive & specific than copper reduction. Normal renal threshold = 160–180 mg/dL.]

Question 24

SIGNIFICANCE:
Ketones

Answer 24

↑ fat metabolism (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, vomiting, starvation, low carb diet, strenuous exercise)

[Most sensitive to acetoacetic acid. Less sensitive to acetone. Doesn’t react with beta-hydroxybutyric acid.]

Question 25

SIGNIFICANCE:
Blood

Answer 25

Hematuria, hemoglobinuria,
myoglobinuria

[Uniform color = hgb or myoglobin.
Speckled = RBCs.]