TestMaster 5 Flashcards by Benjamin Madsen

A patient experiencing chronic pain tells you that her physician has prescribed an opioid analgesic. She also says she doesn’t want to take the drug because her brother is an ex-drug addict and she has had problems with alcohol in the past. You should ________________________________.

suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so

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Theories of career choice and development can be categorized in terms of four basic types. The theories of Tiedeman and O’Hara (1963) and Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman (1984) are examples of the __________ approach.

Developmental

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In multiple regression, an inverse correlation between a predictor and the criterion _____.

is indicated by a negative regression coefficient

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Research on the impact of parents’ gender stereotypes about math ability on their children’s interest in math has found that:

maternal and paternal stereotypes have an impact on the math interest of both boys and girls

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Penny Pallid is an Anglo American teacher and Cameron Chroma, her student, is African American. According to Helms’s interaction model, Ms. Pallid will be LEAST effective in teaching Cameron if she is in the __________ stage of racial identity development and Cameron is in the __________ stage.

contact; immersion

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Dr. Burgher is the only psychologist in a small town. His daughter’s girl scout leader wants to begin seeing Dr. Burgher to work through some family-related problems. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Burgher should ___________.

assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment

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A psychologist conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of backward conditioning with human participants will use which of the following procedures?

Repeatedly present the US before the CS. (Which is backwards in the alphabet)

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Dr. Strait is invited to a holiday party at a fellow psychologist’s house. While there, he notices that one of the guests is a current therapy client of the psychologist. Dr. Strait’s best course of action would be to _________________________.

discuss the issue with the psychologist at a later time (privately)

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For retention of information in long-term memory, which of the following seems to be the most critical?

Semantic encoding

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The DSM-5 includes the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) as a means for assessing disability in adults ages 18 years and older. The WHODAS uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess functioning in which the following domains?

Understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society

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The Introduction and Applicability section of the APA’s Ethics Code notes that the APA may take action against a member after his/her _______.

conviction of a felony

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Which of the following is listed in the DSM-5 as a diagnostic (versus associated) feature for Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Lack of remorse

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The smallest unit of sound that is distinct is referred to as a:

phoneme

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When deciding on an intervention plan for a client with Agoraphobia, it is important to keep in mind that which of the following seems to be the key element in treating this disorder?

In vivo exposure

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Lev Vygotsky’s view of cognitive development is best described as a(n):

contextual approach

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You would be most concerned about a child with ADHD being prescribed methylphenidate if the child has a co-diagnosis of

tourettes

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A distribution of scores has a mean of 110 and a standard deviation of 10. Adding 12 points to each score in the distribution will _____.

increase the mean by 12 but have no effect on the standard deviation

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Research investigating the effects of Head Start and similar compensatory education programs has found that these programs:

have benefits in terms of academic outcomes, social adjustment, and employment

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An examinee’s score on which of the following Rorschach variables is most useful for estimating their level of intelligence?

Organizational activity

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In principal components analysis, each eigenvalue indicates:

the total variance explained by an identified component

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Dr. Abo is working with a client who is in the preparation stage of change. In the context of the transtheoretical model, this means that the client:

has both a clear intent to take action in the immediate future and a realistic plan of action

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An individual at Level VIII on the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised:

is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning

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A researcher wants to compare the immediate and long-term effects of three different treatments for PTSD and randomly assigns individuals who were recently exposed to the same trauma to one of three treatment groups: EMDR, stress inoculation, or in vivo exposure. The researcher assesses participants’ symptoms one week, one month, and three months after the end of treatment. Which of the following research designs is the researcher using?

Mixed (not between-groups or within-subjects)

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During a group therapy session, a few group members complain that some of the members have not been disclosing information about themselves. Other members become defensive and say that they don’t feel like they should be required to talk about themselves. A therapist relying on the approach advocated by Irvin Yalom (1985) would:

encourage members to discuss the meaning of the conflict for them

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If an alpha error is equivalent to a false positive, then a beta error is equivalent to a _____.

False negative

Research on motor imagination indicates that which area of the brain is most likely to be active when a person imagines they are engaging in a motor activity?

supplementary motor area

Which of the following is not an example of an incentive plan?

Flexible benefit plan

Goal-setting theory, equity theory, and expectancy theory share in common which of the following?

The assumption that human cognition affects behavior

Survey feedback is a method of organizational development that is based on the premise that:

employees need to understand an organization's strengths and weaknesses

Along with the presence of an HIV infection, a diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV Infection requires:

the presence of symptoms that meet the criteria for Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Which of the following is true about the use of hypnotically induced testimony in legal proceedings?

Hypnotically induced testimony is permitted in some jurisdictions under specific conditions (e.g., when corroborating evidence is available).

Sherif's (1965) "social judgment theory" implies that, before trying to persuade someone to your point of view, you should consider his/her:

categories of judgment

Overall, research investigating the effects of examiner race on the performance of African American children on IQ tests suggests that:

the performance of African American children is affected more by the examiner's testing experience and attitudes than by their race

If an investigator changes the level of significance for their research study from .01 to .001, they are _____.

less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis

Which of the following best describes the difference between escape and avoidance conditioning?

Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only avoidance conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning.

Studies investigating dissociation in children have found that:

maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than non-maltreated children do, and this difference is apparent during the preschool years

In their meta-analysis of the research on the impact of flextime on job outcomes, Baltes et al. (1999) found that this schedule has the greatest impact on:

absenteeism

Males and females are given several vignettes that each present a situation that describes sexually toned behaviors by an employer toward an employee. Based on your knowledge of the research, you predict that:

females will be significantly more likely than males to rate the behaviors of the employers as sexual harassment, but only for behaviors that are mild to moderate in severity

According to Helms (1990), the ability of Whites to develop a healthy racial identity is most closely related to:

the extent of racism in the society

Based on APA's guidelines, the best overall conclusion that can be drawn about dual relationships in forensic settings is that psychologists _________.

should avoid dual relationships that are inconsistent

Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal) is most likely to be prescribed for which of the following?

essential tremor

Which of the following has been found to be true about job enrichment?

It has positive effects (at least for some employees) on both job satisfaction and job performance.

Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine and risperidone are

serotonin-dopamine antagonists.

Your new client says that she has great difficulty letting go of things to the point that her apartment has become dangerous because of the clutter and that her husband is threatening to leave her if she doesn't clean up her mess. The woman states that she has always been a "collector" but that it "got out of control" after her son died two years ago. When determining whether to assign a diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), you should keep in mind that:

individuals with OCD who hoard in response to an obsession or compulsion are distressed by their hoarding behaviors, while those with Hoarding Disorder experience distress when they discard hoarded items

Research results suggest that a person with Alcohol Use Disorder is most likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for which of the following?

Antisocial Personality Disorder

In the context of cognitive-behavioral family therapy (Schwebel and Fine, 1994), "family ___________" refers to a set of cognitions that family members possess and that shape how they understand and approach family life.

schema

Tactile agnosia is most likely due to damage to which area of the brain?

parietal

Which of the following is used as an index of inter-rater reliability?

Percent agreement

In the context of Freudian psychoanalysis, the goal of confrontation is to:

help the client see a behavior in a new way

Biologically-based phobias are to socially-based phobias as:

unconditioned stimuli are to conditioned stimuli

When using a structured interview, the responses of interviewees are evaluated:

against an established criterion

Which of the following most accurately describes current laws related to a health professional's obligation when the professional learns that a client or patient who has tested positive for the HIV virus has not told his/her partner of the diagnosis and is having unsafe sex with the partner?

The laws regarding breach of confidentiality by health professionals in this situation vary from state to state.

Precocious puberty, or the development of secondary sex characteristics prior to age 8 in girls and 8.5 in boys, has been linked to premature awakening of the

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

From the perspective of Tuckman and Jensen's (1977) model of group formation, an emphasis on socializing and developing close relationships is characteristic of the __________ stage.

norming

Which of the following diagnoses involves a pervasive pattern of detachment from interpersonal relationships?

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Phyllis P., a 32-year-old administrative assistant, is constantly seeking approval from others, and when she is criticized even for a minor offense, she becomes very hurt and angry. At office parties, Phyllis is especially seductive with male co-workers and physically affectionate with female co-workers, and she often behaves in ways that make her the center of attention. Based on this information, the most likely diagnosis for Phyllis is:

Histrionic

When implementing the transtheoretical model, clinicians utilize __________ change processes that are matched with the client's stage of change.

Ten different

As a treatment for erectile dysfunction, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) exerts its therapeutic effects by increasing:

Blood flow to the penis

A test developer uses a multitrait-multimethod matrix to organize the data she has collected in a validation study of her newly developed self-report measure of self-esteem. The matrix indicates that the correlation between her self-report measure of self-esteem and an established (previously validated) teacher rating of self-esteem is .91. This correlation coefficient is referred to as a:

monotrait-heteromethod coefficient

Cognitive dissonance theory and ________ share in common the assumption that an uncomfortable experience or sensation is the primary cause of attitude change.

balance theory

According to the Central Limit Theorem, a sampling distribution increasingly approaches a normal shape regardless of the shape of the population distribution _____.

as the size of the sample increases

Berscheid's (1983) "emotion-in-relationship" model proposes that strong positive emotions are more likely to be elicited in the initial stages of a relationship than in later stages because:

in the early stages, each partner is more likely to do something that is both positive and unexpected

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in

transporting proteins and fats.

Which of the following designs involves administering each level of the independent variable to participants so that it appears the same number of times in each position (first, second, etc.)?

Latin square

Delirium shares many symptoms with Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, and some other psychotic disorders. Thus, the differential diagnosis of these disorders is often difficult. However, Delirium can typically be distinguished from psychotic disorders because:

the symptoms of Delirium tend to be random and haphazard while the symptoms of psychotic disorders are ordinarily systematized

Which of the following represents a phoneme?

B (smallest unit)

Greenberg and Shuman (1997) identify ten "irreconcilable conflicts" between therapeutic and forensic relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of the differences described by these authors between the roles of psychologist and forensic evaluator?

In a therapeutic relationship, the psychologist's role is that of care provider; in a forensic relationship, the psychologist's role is that of advocate.

Youngsters begin to describe themselves in terms of personality attributes - e.g., "I'm smart," "I'm friendly," "I'm shy":

toward the end of middle childhood (ages 10-12)

Which of the following techniques would be most useful for investigating a person's cognitive processes while working on a complex task?

Protocol analysis

The most frequent co-diagnosis for children with a learning disorder is ADHD, with approximately _____% of children with a learning disorder also receiving the latter diagnosis.

20 to 30

The diagnosis of a Substance Use Disorder requires the presence of ___ or more characteristic symptoms for at least ___ months.

two; 12

Historically, which of the following has (have) been considered the "hallmark" of addiction?

Tolerance and withdrawal

As described in the DSM-5, the five core symptoms of the Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders are:

hallucinations, negative symptoms, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, delusions, and disorganized speech/thinking

According to Maslow's theory of motivation, when a person's prepotent need is ungratified:

the ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator

In organizations, employee surveys are most often conducted to:

evaluate employee attitudes and opinions about an intervention

The symptoms of PTSD are grouped in the DSM-5 in terms of which of the following clusters?

Intrusion, avoidance, cognition and mood, and arousal and reactivity

Howard et al.'s (1996) phase model proposes that a client's progress in therapy occurs in three predictable phases. The final phase of this model is:

rehabilitation

A 13-year-old boy has recently began displaying a strong need for power and desire to get even with anyone who he thinks has wronged him. Which theorist would be most likely to presume that the teen's behaviors are ultimately rooted in his desire to belong?

Alfred Adler

Cortisol and aldosterone are produced by which of the following?

Adrenal cortex

Whenever a mother yells at her child when he is whining, the boy stops whining for a short period. Over time, the mother notices that she's having to yell at her son more and more often to keep the boy from whining. The boy is controlling his mother's behavior through:

negative reinforcement

If the court determines that a selection procedure is having an adverse impact, a company:

can use the procedure only if there is evidence that it is valid and there are no alternative procedures

From a "control systems" perspective, when established control mechanisms are no longer effective due to radical changes in the environment, new mechanisms must be sought or developed. These new mechanisms will help the system adapt to environmental changes by providing:

positive feedback

A mother teaches her son to feed the dog by first showing him how to put the dog food into the dog dish. Once the boy has mastered that task, she teaches him to open a can of dog food and then put it into the dish. Finally, she teaches her son to open the cupboard, take out a can of dog food, open it, and put the dog food in the dog dish. The procedure that the mother has used is best described as:

backward chaining

The nocturnal-only subtype of Enuresis:

is more common in boys and occurs most often during non-REM sleep

High, prolonged levels of cortisol have been associated with damage to which area of the brain?

hippocampus

The word HEART is projected onto a screen so that HE is projected to the subject's left visual field only, while ART is projected to the subject's right visual field only. If the subject in the experiment is a "split brain" patient, you would expect the person to report seeing

ART only

A person taking an SSRI in conjunction with an MAOI may develop ______________, which is characterized by agitation, confusion, tremor, unsteady gait, diarrhea, sweating, and chills.

Serotonin syndrome

If a dog learns that pressing a button with its nose eliminates a loud noise, which of the following has occurred?

Escape conditioning

An amputee experiences a sensation on his missing limb whenever he is touched on his lower lip. This is referred to as ____________________.

Referred phantom sensation

Research on the serial position effect suggests that when "cramming" for a test, it is important to:

give extra attention to material studied during the middle of the study session

A psychologist is investigating the impact of a treatment for children with severe behavioral problems. In this situation, the psychologist believes it would be unethical to withdraw the treatment if it is effective just for the purpose of confirming its effects. To address this concern, which of the following single-subject research designs should the psychologist use?

Multiple baseline

In his well-known 1973 study, Rosenhan had several "pseudopatients" admit themselves to psychiatric hospitals with complaints of auditory hallucinations. Which of the following is most useful for interpreting the results of Rosenhan's study?

Halo effect

A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language impairment would be expected to obtain the lowest score on which of the following WISC-V subtests?

Coding (PSI)

Research comparing the children of heterosexual and homosexual parents has generally found that:

the children of gay/lesbian parents and heterosexual parents do not differ in terms of sexual orientation

Dr. Baron is the only licensed psychologist in a small mental health clinic. The other professionals working at the clinic include the director, who is a psychiatrist, and two social workers. Dr. Baron has just accepted a job at another clinic in a neighboring town. With regard to his client files, Dr. Baron would be best advised to ______________________.

leave the files with the director

When an assumption for a one-way ANOVA is violated, which of the following would be the best course of action to analyze the data?

Kruskal-Wallis

A structural family therapist would use a family map to:

clarify the nature of the boundaries between family subsystems

From a Freudian perspective, a phobia is:

an externalization of a forbidden impulse

When the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 produces a coefficient of .98, this means that:

the items in the test are homogeneous

A third-grade teacher puts a student in the "time-out chair" for 15 minutes when he is disruptive. After 10 minutes in time-out, the boy tells the teacher that he is sorry, that he knows what he did was wrong, and that he won't bother the other children again. The teacher lets him rejoin the other students in the classroom. Three days later, the boy again disturbs the other students and the teacher sends him to time-out for 15 minutes. This time, the boy apologizes and promises he won't misbehave again after only 8 minutes. The teacher again lets the boy rejoin his classmates. In this situation, the boy's expression of remorse is being controlled by which of the following?

Escape conditioning

Research on the speed-accuracy tradeoff suggests that, when teaching complex motor skills that require both speed and accuracy for successful performance, the best strategy is to initially:

emphasize speed over accuracy

Gregory Herek defined _____________ as the shared knowledge of society's negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community.

sexual stigma

Antonia has explored a number of careers that involve science, but she hasn't made a commitment to an identity. What identity status is Antonia most likely displaying, according to James Marcia?

Identity moratorium

According to Aaron Beck, the core link between depression and suicide is:

feelings of hopelessness

Several studies investigating the progression of HIV infection have evaluated the impact of demographic factors. Regarding age, these studies have most consistently found that among adults:

older age is associated with a more rapid HIV disease progression.

A 35-year-old woman asks a psychologist to help her quit drinking. The psychologist suggests she imagine drinking a glass of alcohol and then visualize becoming nauseated by the drink, vomiting on the floor and herself, and becoming embarrassed. Which technique is the psychologist using?

Covert sensitization

When conducting research with human participants, a psychologist should be aware that __________________.

participants must be informed promptly if possible or, if necessary to delay a debriefing, psychologists must reduce the risk for harm

You receive a phone call from Hermann H., age 28, who says he is "totally miserable" because of the recent breakup with his girlfriend and that he would like to begin therapy with you. During the first session with Hermann, you find out that his political views are completely repugnant to you, and you feel that you would be ineffective working with him. As an ethical psychologist, you should _________.

Provide him with referrals