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Chemistry > Testing For Ions & Solubility Rules > Flashcards

Testing For Ions & Solubility Rules Flashcards

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1
Q

Is ammonium chloride soluble?

A

yes (All ammonium salts are soluble. )

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2
Q

Is barium carbonate soluble?

A

no (All carbonates are insoluble except ammonium, sodium and potassium)

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3
Q

Is barium chloride soluble?

A

yes (All chlorides are soluble except lead and silver. )

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4
Q

Is barium nitrate soluble?

A

yes (All nitrates are soluble. )

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5
Q

Is barium sulfate soluble?

A

no (Barium, lead and calcium are the only insoluble sulfates. )

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6
Q

Is calcium carbonate soluble?

A

no (All carbonates are insoluble except ammonium, sodium and potassium)

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7
Q

Is calcium chloride soluble?

A

yes (All chlorides are soluble except lead and silver. )

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8
Q

Is calcium nitrate soluble?

A

yes (All nitrates are soluble. )

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9
Q

Is copper chloride soluble?

A

yes (All chlorides are soluble except lead and silver. )

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10
Q

Is copper nitrate soluble?

A

yes (All nitrates are soluble. )

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11
Q

Is copper sulfate soluble?

A

yes (All sulfates are soluble except lead, barium and calcium. )

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12
Q

Is magnesium carbonate soluble?

A

no (All carbonates are insoluble except ammonium, sodium and potassium)

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13
Q

Is magnesium chloride soluble?

A

yes (All chlorides are soluble except lead and silver. )

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14
Q

Is magnesium sulfate soluble?

A

yes (All sulfates are soluble except lead, barium and calcium. )

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15
Q

Is potassium carbonate soluble?

A

yes (All potassium salts are soluble. )

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16
Q

Is potassium sulfate soluble?

A

yes (All potassium salts are soluble. )

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17
Q

Is silver chloride soluble?

A

no (Silver and lead are the only chloride salts which are insoluble. )

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18
Q

Is silver nitrate soluble?

A

yes (All nitrates are soluble. )

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19
Q

Is silver sulfate soluble?

A

yes (All sulfates are soluble except lead, barium and calcium. )

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20
Q

Is sodium chloride soluble?

A

yes (All sodium salts are soluble. )

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21
Q

Is sodium nitrate soluble?

A

yes (All sodium salts are soluble. )

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22
Q

Is zinc carbonate soluble?

A

no (All carbonates are insoluble except ammonium, sodium and potassium)

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23
Q

Is zinc sulfate soluble?

A

yes (All sulfates are soluble except lead, barium and calcium. )

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24
Q

State the solubility rule for carbonates salts

A

all carbonates are insoluble, except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

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25
Q

State the solubility rule for chloride salts

A

all are soluble, except silver chloride and lead chloride

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26
Q

State the solubility rule for nitrate salts

A

all nitrates are soluble

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27
Q

State the solubility rule for sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

A

all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble

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28
Q

State the solubility rule for sulfate salts

A

all sulfates are soluble, except those of lead, barium and calcium

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29
Q

A gas is bubbled through limewater and the limewater goes cloudy. Identify the gas.

A

Carbon dioxide

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30
Q

Describe the test for ammonia gas

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue

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31
Q

Describe the test for carbon dioxide gas

A

Bubble the gas through limewater and see if it goes cloudy

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32
Q

Describe the test for chlorine gas

A

Turns damp blue litmus paper (reacts with water to form acidic solution which turns indicator red) white (bleaches)

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33
Q

Describe the test for hydrogen gas

A

Squeaky pop test. Use a lit splint to see it the gas pops

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34
Q

Describe the test for oxygen gas

A

Use a glowing splint and see if it relights

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35
Q

In the test of a gas, a glowing splint relights. What is the gas?

A

Oxygen

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36
Q

In the test of a gas, a lit splint gives a squeaky pop. What is the gas?

A

Hydrogen

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37
Q

Which gas will bleach moist litmus paper?

A

Chlorine

38
Q

Which gas will turn damp red litmus paper blue?

A

Ammonia

39
Q

Describe how you would carry out a flame test

A

Dip the loop of an unreactive metal wire such as nichrome or platinum in dilute acid
Hold it in the blue flame of a Bunsen burner until there is no colour change
Dip the loop into the solid sample / solution and place it in the edge of the blue Bunsen flame

40
Q

In a flame test, why is hydrochloric acid used?

A

To prevent contamination/to clean the wire of any unwanted ions as they could interfere with the results

41
Q

How are calcium ions identified, and what is the result?

A

Using a flame test. Flame colour is orange- red

42
Q

How are lithium ions identified, and what is the result?

A

Using a flame test. Flame colour is red

43
Q

How are potassium ions identified, and what is the result?

A

Using a flame test. Flame colour is lilac

44
Q

How are sodium ions identified, and what is the result?

A

Using a flame test. Flame colour is yellow

45
Q

In a flame test, a blue-green colour is seen. Give the formula of the cation which is present.

A

Cu²⁺

46
Q

In a flame test, a orange-red colour is seen. Give the formula of the cation which is present.

A

Ca²⁺

47
Q

In a flame test, a red colour is seen. Give the formula of the cation which is present.

A

Li⁺

48
Q

In a flame test, a lilac colour is seen. Give the formula of the cation which is present.

A

K⁺

49
Q

In a flame test, a yellow colour is seen. Give the formula of the cation which is present.

A

Na⁺

50
Q

In the flame test for copper (II) ions what colour is the result?

A

Blue-green

51
Q

Give the name of the blue precipitate formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing Cu²⁺

A

copper (II) hydroxide

52
Q

Give the name of the brown precipitate formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing Fe³⁺

A

iron (III) hydroxide

53
Q

Give the name of the green precipitate formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing Fe²⁺

A

iron (II) hydroxide

54
Q

How would you test for the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)?

A

Add sodium hydroxide. If ammonium ions were present, ammonia gas will form which will turn damp red litmus paper blue

55
Q

What is the test for copper (II) ions (Cu²⁺) and what is the result?

A

Add NaOH. A blue precipitate forms.

56
Q

What is the test for iron (II) ions (Fe²⁺) and what is the result?

A

Add NaOH. A green precipitate forms.

57
Q

What is the test for iron (III) ions (Fe³⁺) and what is the result?

A

Add NaOH. A brown precipitate forms.

58
Q

What is the test for NH₄⁺ ions and what is the result?

A

Add NaOH. The gas (ammonia) turns damp red litmus paper blue.

59
Q

When NaOH is added to a sample, a blue precipitate forms. What cation was present in the sample?

A

Copper (II), Cu²⁺

60
Q

When NaOH is added to a sample, a brown precipitate forms. What cation was present in the sample?

A

Iron (III), Fe³⁺

61
Q

When NaOH is added to a sample, a green precipitate forms. What cation was present in the sample?

A

Iron (II), Fe²⁺

62
Q

When NaOH is added to a sample, the resultant gas turns damp red litmus paper blue. What cation was present in the sample?

A

Ammonium, NH₄⁺

63
Q

Write a word equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and iron(II) sulfate

A

sodium hydroxide + iron(II) sulfate → iron (II) hydroxide + sodium sulfate

64
Q

Nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to a solution containing bromide ions. Describe the result.

A

Cream precipitate

65
Q

Nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to a solution containing chloride ions. Describe the result.

A

White precipitate

66
Q

Nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to a solution containing iodide ions. Describe the result.

A

Yellow precipitate

67
Q

Describe how you would test for carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) and what is the result if they are present?

A

Add dilute (nitric or hydrochloric) acid and bubble the gas produced through limewater. Limewater turns milky/cloudy if carbon dioxide was produced, indicating the presence of carbonate ions

68
Q

Describe how you would test for sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) and what is the result if they are present?

A

Add dilute HCl, followed by barium chloride (BaCl₂). A white precipitate will form (barium sulfate)

69
Q

Describe the test for bromide ions

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate. A cream precipitate of silver bromide is formed.

70
Q

In the test for carbonate ions, what is added to the sample?

A

dilute nitric acid (HNO₃) or dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)

71
Q

In the test for carbonate ions, what result shows they are present?

A

bubbles form & limewater goes cloudy/milky

72
Q

In the test for sulfate ions, what result shows they are present?

A

A white precipitate is formed

73
Q

In the test for sulfate ions, what two substances are added to the sample?

A

Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then barium chloride (BaCl₂)

74
Q

What 2 things are added to a solution to test for chloride ions? What is observed if they are present?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate. A white precipitate of silver chloride is formed.

75
Q

When testing a sample for ions, hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride are added to a sample. A white precipitate forms. What ions have been shown to be present?

A

sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻)

76
Q

When testing a sample for ions, hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride are added to a sample. A white precipitate forms. What is the name of that precipitate?

A

barium sulfate

77
Q

When testing a sample for ions, nitric acid is added to a sample and then bubbles are seen. What ions have been shown to be present?

A

carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻)

78
Q

When testing a sample of ammonium iodide, nitric acid and then silver nitrate is added. Describe the result, and name the substance formed.

A

A yellow precipitate of silver iodide

79
Q

When testing a sample of lithium bromide, nitric acid and then silver nitrate is added. Describe the result, and name the substance formed.

A

A cream precipitate of silver bromide

80
Q

When testing a sample of potassium chloride, nitric acid and then silver nitrate is added. Describe the result, and name the substance formed.

A

A white precipitate of silver chloride

81
Q

When testing for halide ions, after silver nitrate is added to a sample a cream precipitate is formed. Give the formula of the anion present in the sample.

A

Br⁻

82
Q

When testing for halide ions, after silver nitrate is added to a sample a white precipitate is formed. Give the formula of the anion present in the sample.

A

Cl⁻

83
Q

When testing for halide ions, after silver nitrate is added to a sample a yellow precipitate is formed. Give the formula of the anion present in the sample.

A

I⁻

84
Q

When testing for halide or sulfate ions, why is acid added added first?

A

to remove any carbonate ions

85
Q

Which two substances are added when testing for halide ions, and what is the result if they are present?

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate

86
Q

Which two substances are added when testing for the sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ions? (2)

A

Add dilute HCl, followed by barium chloride (BaCl₂)

87
Q

Write an chemical equation for the reaction between barium chloride and lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄). Include state symbols. Also, what would you see?

A

BaCl₂ (aq) + Li₂SO₄ (aq) → BaSO₄ (s)+ 2LiCl (aq). Observe a white precipitate of barium sulfate.

88
Q

Describe the chemical test for water

A

Add water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate which will change from white to blue if water is present

89
Q

What colour is anhydrous copper (II) sulfate?

A

White

90
Q

What colour is hydrated copper (II) sulfate?

A

Blue

Chemistry (7 decks)

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