Testicular Carcinoma Flashcards
What is the main risk factor?
Cryptorchidism (undescended testes in the scrotum)
Which testes is most common?
Right sided (because cryptorchidism is most common on right side)
What is the most common kind of testicular cancer?
Germinal cell tumors
What is the most common type of germinal cell tumors?
Seminoma
What kind of germinal cell tumor has the worst prognosis?
Nonseminonatous
What are the s/s?
Painless testicular nodule, solid mass or enlargement
What else may be present?
Hydrocele, gynecomastia
What are the diagnosis tests for testicular cancer?
Scrotal ultrasound, serum studies
What serum studies are used?
Alpha-fetoprotein, HCG, LDH
What does it mean to say “Seminomas are Simple & Sensitive?”
They lack tumor markers and are sensitive to radiation
What is the best diagnostic test for seminomatous germ cell tumors?
Ultrasound because serum tumor markers will be normal
What is the best diagnostic test for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors?
Serum alphafetoprotein and B-HCG because they will be increased
What are nonseminomatous tumors resistant to?
Radiation
What is the management for a low grade (stage 1) nonseminoma?
Orchiectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
What is the management for a low grade seminoma?
Orchiectomy then radiation
