Testicular Cancer

Question 1

Orchiopexy

Answer 1

Fixation of testis
Moving undecended into scrotum

Question 2

Cryptorchidism

Answer 2

Hidden testicle

Question 3

% born with undescended pre mature infant

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

% post mature infant

Answer 4

3% full term

Question 5

One year old % undecended

Answer 5

80% decent by 1st year

Question 6

Risks of undescended

Answer 6

Reduced fertility
Increase germ cell tumors
Psychological
Torosian
Hernia
Infarction

Question 7

What energy is used in an ultrasound

Answer 7

High frequency sound waves

Question 8

What is a hydrocele

Answer 8

Buildup of fluid around testes

Question 9

Why hydrocele common?

Answer 9

If the tube (inguinal canal) does not close after testes descend fluid from abdomen may drain and get trapped in scrotum

Question 10

What is an easy test for a hydrocele

Answer 10

Shining a flashlight behind swollen part of scrotum transillumination test

Question 11

Varicocele

Answer 11

Accumulation of blood in veins of the spermatic cord due to faulty valves

Question 12

What age has a 15% varicocele

Answer 12

Puberty?

Question 13

Germ cells

Answer 13

Immature sperm cells spermatogonia

Question 14

How are germ cell tumors classified

Answer 14

Non seminomas or seminomas

Question 15

Non seminomas

Answer 15

Fast aggressive spread quickly

Question 16

Seminomas

Answer 16

Slow growing

Question 17

Symptoms

Answer 17

Painless mass on testicle
Pain
Swelling

Question 18

Treatment

Answer 18

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation

Question 19

Chemotherapy after orcheiectomy if

Answer 19

Enlarged lymph nodes or cancer in blood samples

Question 20

Radiation effect

Answer 20

High energy x-rays to target specific area to kill cancerous cells

Question 21

Tumor marker

Answer 21

A molecule (protein, enzyme, hormone, genetic marker) occurring in blood or tissue whose measurement is useful in diagnosis or management

Question 22

4 ways to use tumor marker

Answer 22

1. Cancer screening
2. Diagnosis
3. Prognosis
4. Monitor

Question 23

Alpha - fetoprotien (AFP)

Answer 23

Made by immature liver cells in fetus

Question 24

When do AFP levels even

Answer 24

AFP levels should fall to those of adult in first year of life

Question 25

High blood AFP

Answer 25

Hepatocellular carcinoma, germ cell, tumor cancer or liver

Question 26

high HCG levels NORMAL

Answer 26

Pregnancy made by cells of placenta

Question 27

HCG what is important

Answer 27

Size of tumor

Question 28

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer 28

Produces energy
ALL TISSUES OF BODY

Question 29

More LDH?

Answer 29

Cell damage

Question 30

Ct

Answer 30

Computerised tomography

Question 31

Ct function

Answer 31

X rays at angle to combine

Question 32

MRI

Answer 32

Magnet not x ray

Question 33

Orichectomy

Answer 33

Removal of testis

Question 34

2 types of testies cancer

Answer 34

Seminomas , non seminomas

Question 35

Germ Cells produce gametes

Answer 35

Eggs / sperm

Question 36

Stage spread to lungs and brain cells

Answer 36

Stage 3C (like stage 4)

Question 37

Stage 2

Answer 37

Lymph spread

Question 38

TNMS

Answer 38

Staging system
T-tumor
N-node
M-metastasis (distant)
S-blood

Question 39

Confined and not spread

Answer 39

Stage 1

Question 40

Enlarged lymph nodes

Answer 40

Stage 2

Question 41

Chemotherapy

Answer 41

Targets rapidly dividing cells

Question 42

Normal cells are damaged leading to

Answer 42

Fatigue
Hair loss
Loa
N&V
Metallic taste
Loss fertility

Question 43

How long will frozen sample be stored?

Answer 43

Until diner is 55 years

Question 44

Partial

Answer 44

Shrunk

Question 45

Stable

Answer 45

Remains same

Question 46

Complete

Answer 46

All gone :)

Question 47

Progression (disease)

Answer 47

Still growing

Question 48

RPLND

Answer 48

Retroperinetal lymph
Node dissection
Remove lymph nodes