Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CASE STUDY > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most frequently used beta-agonist in a rescue inhaler?

A

•Short-acting beta-2 agonists: Albuterol, levalbuterol.
•Long-acting beta-2 agonists: Formoterol, salmeterol, indacaterol.
•Beta-1 agonists: Dobutamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine (in high doses).
•Beta-1 and beta-2 agonists: Epinephrine (adrenaline), isoproterenol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does a beta-agonist work? (Trashy card)

A

by attaching to (binding) beta-receptors — “activators” in or on your cells that unlock certain functions

engaging the beta-2 adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle of bronchial tissue, relieving bronchospasm and reducing airway resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. How does a beta agonist work
A

Quickly relax bronchial muscles causing bronchospasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of SABA (short action beta agonist)

A

Albuterol administered in the brands ProAir™, Proventil™, and Ventolin™

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. How often can a rescue inhaler be used to relieve asthma symptoms?
A

Twice a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Superior to inferior structures of the respiratory system

A

pharynx, Larynx , trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Boyle’s law states that in a closed space, pressure and volume are ________ related

A

Inversely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During inhalation, volume in the thoracic cavity __________ which causes a ___________ in pressure

A

Enlarge, down

(As volume goes up, pressure goes down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During exhalation, the thoracic cavity _______, which causes a __________, in pressure

A

Decrease in volume, increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the role of surfactant in the lungs

A

-Reduced surface tension
-break down hydrogen bonds in water for expansion of alveoli
-secreted by Type II alveolar cells (t2 pneumocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What lung volume is most affected in a patient with asthma?

A

Expiratory volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How often can a rescue inhaler be used help alleviate asthma symptoms?

A

One or two inhalations can be taken every four to six hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does a beta-agonist work?

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle, opening the airway allowing more oxygen as you breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic long-term lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. The airways react strongly to inhaled substances making them swollen and sensitive. Constricting muscle around airways and mucus plug up bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

-wheezing
-coughing
- chest tightness
- SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many in US with asthma?

A

+25 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What factors put asthma at risk?

A

genetic and environmental factors
-parents
-children (6)
-allergies
-eczema
-obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What environmental agents trigger an attack?

A

-dust
-animals
-mold
-pollen
-smoke
-pollution
-chemicals
-aerosols
-medication (aspirin NSAIDS)
-exceecise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long does an attack last?

A

A few minutes to a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who mentioned asthma earliest?

A

Homer in the Iliad
(Asthma is a sharp breath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stimuli that cause asthma

A

Early childhood infection, chemical exposure, insufficient immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a peak flow meter measure?

A

Peak flow meter measures How air flows from your lungs in a fast blast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why use peak flow measurement regularly?

A

Indications of worsening asthma before the patient detection. Determine severity of episode. When to use inhaler and when to get care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Steps to using peak flow meter

A
  1. Slide marker to bottom of scale
    2.stand up straight and breathe in deeply than out fast and hard
  2. note the number
  3. Repeat 3 times
  4. Record highest
    *tou can breathe out too little
  5. Measure same time each day
  6. Keep chart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is “personal best”?

A

Highest of 3 ratings when normal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are three zones commonly used to interpret peak flow rates?

A

traffic light
green zone: 80-100%
yellow zone: 50-80%
red zone: less than 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

RED ZONE

A

Less than 50%
SOB
Quick relief doesn’t help or yellow zone for too long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

YELLOW ZONE

A

50-80%
Airways are narrowing. follow action plan
- coughing / wheezing
SOB
Waking at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

GREEN ZONE

A

Usual activities can be performed

30
Q

SABA

A

Short acting beta agonist

31
Q

ICS

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

32
Q

LABA

A

Long acting beta agonist

33
Q

Oral corticosteroids

A

Reduce severe inflammation

34
Q

SABA def

A

Relaxes bronchial muscles causing bronchospasm

Flare ups, rescue inhaler, quickly

35
Q

ISC def

A

Reduce inflammation in lungs and reduce mucus mucus production

1st med

36
Q

LABA def

A

Bronchidialators

(Dialate airways)

37
Q

Oral corticosteroids

A

Reduce severe inflammation

Exacerbation
Short term

38
Q

Physician

A

Diagnose and treat individuals and address health maintenance

39
Q

Primary care physician

A

Family medicine
Definitive care to patient and responsibility for comprehensive care
Preventative care

40
Q

Respiratory therapy

A

Educate and treat people with asthma and rehab if long term

41
Q

Emergency medicine

A

Diagnosis and treatment of unforeseen injury

42
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

-Maintain pH
-Smell, sound, excretion of heat and water
-gas exchange

43
Q

Epitope of antigen (antigenic epitope)

A

Specific binding site

44
Q

Tidal volume

A

Normal, quiet breathing

45
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

All you can inhale after tidal volume

46
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

All air forced out after tidal volume

47
Q

Residual volume

A

Air in lungs after exhale

48
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Tidal volume + Inspiratory volume

(All inhaled)

49
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Sum of Residual volume and Expiratory reserve volume

50
Q

Vital capacity

A

Sum of IRV, ERV, and tidal volume

(Inspiratory reserve volume and Expiratory reserve volume)

51
Q

How do Antibodies fight invaders? (5)

A
  1. Neutralization
  2. Immobilizing bacteria
  3. Agglutination and precipitation of antigen
  4. activating complement
  5. Enhances phagocytosis
52
Q

Antigen Epitope

A

Large parts of antigen that trigger immune response

53
Q

Goblet cell

A

Secrete mucus

54
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Allows for gas exchange

55
Q

Conducting zone

A

Bring air to alveoli
(Filter, warm, moist)

56
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Inhale (inflow) and exhalation (outflow) of air and exchange between atmosphere

57
Q

Type I alveolar cells

A

Site of gas exchange between capillaries

58
Q

Type II alveolar cells

A

Secrete surfactant
(Reduces tension)

59
Q

Exhalation is a

A

Passive process

60
Q

Initial antibody, ten binding sites (5)

A

IgM

(Me first)

61
Q

Most abundant antibody, protects against virus and bacteria, cross placenta

A

IgG

(Generally does a lot)

62
Q

Secretory antibody In body secretions, gland protection

A

IgA

(All the areas to outside)

63
Q

IgD

A

Found on immune cells and acts as antigen receptor

(Deez will find antigen)

64
Q

IgE

A

Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity can kill parasitic worms

(IgE rhymes with sneeze)

65
Q

Immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reactions

A

Allergen induced asthma when b-cells make antibody IgE instead of IgG binding to mast cells / basophils

66
Q

Histamine

A

Causes allergic reaction

67
Q

Leukotrine

A

Prolongs histamine response
Mucus stimulation

68
Q

Symptoms

A

Bronchiospasm, tachycardia, tachypenia, dyspniea, wheezing, chest tightness

69
Q

Peak flow meter

A

Measures max exhale

70
Q

Small volume nebulizer

A

Delivers liquid medication to lungs

CASE STUDY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions