Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis Flashcards
Tests for acute renal failure
Complete blood chemistry
CBC
Urinalysis
Urine clearance test
(Test for glomerular filtration rate)
3 functions of kidney
- Filter waste
- Balance fluid levels
- Produce hormones
What can cause change in structure or function, causing kidney disease?
Infection, damage, tumor, medication
Symptoms of kidney failure?
Fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, skin itching, high bp, difficulty concentration, excessive sleep, SOB
Treatment if all is lost
Dialysis
AKF
Acute kidney failure when kidneys stop working suddenly
Symptoms in acute rf
Decreased urination, swelling (edema) drowsy, SOB, itching, confusion, chest pain, muscle twitching , seizures, pain, rash, nosebleed
Prerenal acute kidney failure
(Stopping blood flow to kidney)
Postrenal kidney failure
(Blocks urine from leaving kidneys)
Intrarenal kidney failure
Direct damage to kidneys
What causes prerenal failure?
Infection
Liver failure
NSAIDS
Bp meds
Heart failure
Serious burns
Dehydration
What causes postrenal failure?
Bladder, Cervical, Colon, Prostate cancer
Blood clots
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder nerve damage
What causes intrarenal failure?
Blood clots
Cholesterol deposits
NSAIDS
chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Glomerulonephritis
Lupus (AID)
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Toxic side effect of antibiotics
Damage to tubular cells of kidneys
Tubule
Tiny duct in kidney that helps filter blood
What risks lead to ATN?
Blood transfusion reactions, muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), hypotension 30+ min, diabetes
What medications can cause ATN?
Aminoglycoside antibiotics and amphotericin (anti fungal)
What happens to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ATN?
Watch video (page 1)
Decreased?
What 2 blood chemistry values show kidneys ability to excrete waste?
BUN and creatinine
What are problems when BUN and creatinine build up?
Itching, nausea, vomiting, brain damage, weakness or numbness in hands and feet
What bc value indicates metabolic acidosis?
pH, CO2, and electrolytes (Na+, K+ ,CL-)
What is metabolic acidosis?
pH falls below 7.38
Why is hyperkalemia dangerous?
Heart arythmias
Azotemia
Buildup is creatinine and BUN in blood
(Nitrogen wastes)
Causing itching, N&V, brain damage, tingling
Chemistry values apparent in metabolic acidosis
pH, CO2, electrolytes, (Na+, K+, CL-)
can disrupt Heart rhythm
Edema symptoms caused by…
Elevated Na+ in extracellular fluid
What should not be present in urinalysis
Protein & glucose
WBC & RBC
Does the presence of glucose and protein indicate diabetes?
Maybe. Glucose could be from lack of kidney filtration
What contributes to casts in urine?
Damage to tubules
What are urinary casts?
Dead kidney tubular cells buildup and secreted through urine
What urinalysis results point to renal failure?
Protein , cast, and cells in urine
Responsible for testing blood and urine samples
Med lab scientist
What effects does diuresis
Reduces blood volume (increased due to edema)
Diuretic helps lower sodium
Why is protein restricted
Kidneys can’t filter protein from blood
Limits further damage
What is renal dialysis
Filters waste products
Hemodialysis
Blood filter Through a machine
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal membrane (abdomen) used to filter blood (fluid drained in and out)
Career in health info tech
Dialysis tech
Operate dialysis machine
Nephrologist
Diagnoses and treats kidneys
Medical information
Process, compile, Maintain patient files
