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CASE STUDY > Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis > Flashcards

Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

Tests for acute renal failure

A

Complete blood chemistry
CBC
Urinalysis
Urine clearance test
(Test for glomerular filtration rate)

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2
Q

3 functions of kidney

A
  1. Filter waste
  2. Balance fluid levels
  3. Produce hormones
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3
Q

What can cause change in structure or function, causing kidney disease?

A

Infection, damage, tumor, medication

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4
Q

Symptoms of kidney failure?

A

Fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, skin itching, high bp, difficulty concentration, excessive sleep, SOB

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5
Q

Treatment if all is lost

A

Dialysis

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6
Q

AKF

A

Acute kidney failure when kidneys stop working suddenly

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7
Q

Symptoms in acute rf

A

Decreased urination, swelling (edema) drowsy, SOB, itching, confusion, chest pain, muscle twitching , seizures, pain, rash, nosebleed

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8
Q

Prerenal acute kidney failure

A

(Stopping blood flow to kidney)

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9
Q

Postrenal kidney failure

A

(Blocks urine from leaving kidneys)

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10
Q

Intrarenal kidney failure

A

Direct damage to kidneys

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11
Q

What causes prerenal failure?

A

Infection
Liver failure
NSAIDS
Bp meds
Heart failure
Serious burns
Dehydration

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12
Q

What causes postrenal failure?

A

Bladder, Cervical, Colon, Prostate cancer
Blood clots
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Bladder nerve damage

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13
Q

What causes intrarenal failure?

A

Blood clots
Cholesterol deposits
NSAIDS
chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Glomerulonephritis
Lupus (AID)

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14
Q

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

A

Toxic side effect of antibiotics

Damage to tubular cells of kidneys

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15
Q

Tubule

A

Tiny duct in kidney that helps filter blood

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16
Q

What risks lead to ATN?

A

Blood transfusion reactions, muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), hypotension 30+ min, diabetes

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17
Q

What medications can cause ATN?

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotics and amphotericin (anti fungal)

18
Q

What happens to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ATN?

A

Watch video (page 1)

Decreased?

19
Q

What 2 blood chemistry values show kidneys ability to excrete waste?

A

BUN and creatinine

20
Q

What are problems when BUN and creatinine build up?

A

Itching, nausea, vomiting, brain damage, weakness or numbness in hands and feet

21
Q

What bc value indicates metabolic acidosis?

A

pH, CO2, and electrolytes (Na+, K+ ,CL-)

22
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

pH falls below 7.38

23
Q

Why is hyperkalemia dangerous?

A

Heart arythmias

24
Q

Azotemia

A

Buildup is creatinine and BUN in blood

(Nitrogen wastes)

Causing itching, N&V, brain damage, tingling

25
Q

Chemistry values apparent in metabolic acidosis

A

pH, CO2, electrolytes, (Na+, K+, CL-)
can disrupt Heart rhythm

26
Q

Edema symptoms caused by…

A

Elevated Na+ in extracellular fluid

27
Q

What should not be present in urinalysis

A

Protein & glucose

WBC & RBC

28
Q

Does the presence of glucose and protein indicate diabetes?

A

Maybe. Glucose could be from lack of kidney filtration

29
Q

What contributes to casts in urine?

A

Damage to tubules

30
Q

What are urinary casts?

A

Dead kidney tubular cells buildup and secreted through urine

31
Q

What urinalysis results point to renal failure?

A

Protein , cast, and cells in urine

32
Q

Responsible for testing blood and urine samples

A

Med lab scientist

33
Q

What effects does diuresis

A

Reduces blood volume (increased due to edema)
Diuretic helps lower sodium

34
Q

Why is protein restricted

A

Kidneys can’t filter protein from blood
Limits further damage

35
Q

What is renal dialysis

A

Filters waste products

36
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Blood filter Through a machine

37
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Peritoneal membrane (abdomen) used to filter blood (fluid drained in and out)

38
Q

Career in health info tech

A
39
Q

Dialysis tech

A

Operate dialysis machine

40
Q

Nephrologist

A

Diagnoses and treats kidneys

41
Q

Medical information

A

Process, compile, Maintain patient files

CASE STUDY (4 decks)

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