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CASE STUDY > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrient rich, partially deoxygenated blood flows to the liver through the:

A

Hepatic portal vein

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2
Q

What is a virus

A

A small capsule that encloses proteins

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3
Q

How is viral replication different than other living organisms

A

Virus needs host to reproduce

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4
Q

How does a virus destroy the cell it inhabits?

A

Replicates until the cell bursts

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5
Q

The hepatic virus infects what type of liver cells?

A

Liver (hepatic) cells

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6
Q

jaundice

A

Yellowish skin and sclerae (white of eyes) abnormally high levels of bile pigment bilirubin

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7
Q

Where does bilirubin come from

A

Red blood cells are broken down and hemoglobin is broken down into a protein bilirubin liver processes

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8
Q

Why are individuals with hepatitis virus jaundiced?

A

The virus infects liver cells, damaging them. The liver cannot breakdown bilirubin causing elevated blood levels

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9
Q

Symptoms (male)

A

Fatigue, nausea with vomiting, jaundice, fever, chills, abdominal pain

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10
Q

Symptoms (female)

A

Fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, aching In abdominal

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11
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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12
Q

Four functions of liver

A
  1. Manufacturers essential proteins
  2. Acts as storage unit for sugars,vitamins, fats
  3. Small compounds into larger ones (cholesterol)
  4. Purifies blood
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13
Q

What hepatitis causes an acute disease but not a chronic disease?

A

Hepatitis A

(A for acute)

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14
Q

What hepatitis is spread through blood transfusion, sex, and needles?

A

Hepatitis B

(B for blood)

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15
Q

Which Hepatitis is spread through feces via contaminated food and water?

A

Hepatitis A

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16
Q

Approximately 90% of transfusion-associated hepatitis is what type?

A

Hepatitis C

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17
Q

Why is hepatitis A endemic to the region

A

Poor sanitation, food and water might be contaminated. People in this region will be affected

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18
Q

What is a carrier

A

Asymptomatic but has the virus

19
Q

When does hepatitis become infectious

A

When the organism produces sufficient tissue damage through many different mechanisms

20
Q

Which liver enzyme is the most specific for hepatocyte damage?

A

ALT

21
Q

Which lab tests can indicate hepatitis

A

CBC
Urinalysis
Chemistry panel (liver enzymes and bilirubin)

22
Q

Which hepatitis symptom is correctly linked to an elevated bilirubin level?

A

Jaundice

23
Q

Why is bilirubin elevated?

A

When the liver cells are damaged they don’t breakdown bilirubin

24
Q

Dehydration

A

Loss of water and important salts like potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+)

25
Q

What organs are affected by dehydration?

A

-Brain
-heart
-kidney

26
Q

How is dehydration treated?

A

Treat cause and replace fluids

27
Q

Chemistry panel

A

elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin
Slightly decreased albumin level (liver damage)

28
Q

Long term consequences of chronic hepatitis

A

Chronic infections could lead to long term scaring of liver , liver cancer, liver failure and death

29
Q

Hep A vs Hep B treatments

A

-Acute symptoms are both treated
-b may lead to chronic infection and treated with interferon drug to boost immune system

30
Q

Physician (internal medicine)

A

Diagnostic problems
Manage long term problems
Expansive

31
Q

Physician (infectious disease)

A

Diagnosing and managing infections
(Unusual or idiopathic)

32
Q

Med lab tech

A

Analyzes biological specimens
Testing and reporting to physician

33
Q

Nurse

A

Patient care and education

34
Q

What is the function of bile

A

Fat/ lipids

35
Q

What is the principle component of bile

A

Bilirubin

36
Q

Bile canaliculi

A

Drain bile

37
Q

Hepatic sinusoids

A

Highly permeable blood capillaries

38
Q

Hepatocytes

A

Main functional cell of the liver

39
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Phagocytosis

Destroy worn out cells, bacteria

40
Q

Attachment

A

Binds to cell receptor to enter cell

41
Q

Penetration

A

Enter cell through endocytosis or fusion of membranes

42
Q

Synthesis

A

Use material to manufacture new viruses

43
Q

Maturation

A

Parts are assembled to make new virions

44
Q

Release

A

New virions depart from host cell

CASE STUDY (4 decks)

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