Hepatitis Flashcards
Nutrient rich, partially deoxygenated blood flows to the liver through the:
Hepatic portal vein
What is a virus
A small capsule that encloses proteins
How is viral replication different than other living organisms
Virus needs host to reproduce
How does a virus destroy the cell it inhabits?
Replicates until the cell bursts
The hepatic virus infects what type of liver cells?
Liver (hepatic) cells
jaundice
Yellowish skin and sclerae (white of eyes) abnormally high levels of bile pigment bilirubin
Where does bilirubin come from
Red blood cells are broken down and hemoglobin is broken down into a protein bilirubin liver processes
Why are individuals with hepatitis virus jaundiced?
The virus infects liver cells, damaging them. The liver cannot breakdown bilirubin causing elevated blood levels
Symptoms (male)
Fatigue, nausea with vomiting, jaundice, fever, chills, abdominal pain
Symptoms (female)
Fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, aching In abdominal
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Four functions of liver
- Manufacturers essential proteins
- Acts as storage unit for sugars,vitamins, fats
- Small compounds into larger ones (cholesterol)
- Purifies blood
What hepatitis causes an acute disease but not a chronic disease?
Hepatitis A
(A for acute)
What hepatitis is spread through blood transfusion, sex, and needles?
Hepatitis B
(B for blood)
Which Hepatitis is spread through feces via contaminated food and water?
Hepatitis A
Approximately 90% of transfusion-associated hepatitis is what type?
Hepatitis C
Why is hepatitis A endemic to the region
Poor sanitation, food and water might be contaminated. People in this region will be affected
What is a carrier
Asymptomatic but has the virus
When does hepatitis become infectious
When the organism produces sufficient tissue damage through many different mechanisms
Which liver enzyme is the most specific for hepatocyte damage?
ALT
Which lab tests can indicate hepatitis
CBC
Urinalysis
Chemistry panel (liver enzymes and bilirubin)
Which hepatitis symptom is correctly linked to an elevated bilirubin level?
Jaundice
Why is bilirubin elevated?
When the liver cells are damaged they don’t breakdown bilirubin
Dehydration
Loss of water and important salts like potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+)
What organs are affected by dehydration?
-Brain
-heart
-kidney
How is dehydration treated?
Treat cause and replace fluids
Chemistry panel
elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin
Slightly decreased albumin level (liver damage)
Long term consequences of chronic hepatitis
Chronic infections could lead to long term scaring of liver , liver cancer, liver failure and death
Hep A vs Hep B treatments
-Acute symptoms are both treated
-b may lead to chronic infection and treated with interferon drug to boost immune system
Physician (internal medicine)
Diagnostic problems
Manage long term problems
Expansive
Physician (infectious disease)
Diagnosing and managing infections
(Unusual or idiopathic)
Med lab tech
Analyzes biological specimens
Testing and reporting to physician
Nurse
Patient care and education
What is the function of bile
Fat/ lipids
What is the principle component of bile
Bilirubin
Bile canaliculi
Drain bile
Hepatic sinusoids
Highly permeable blood capillaries
Hepatocytes
Main functional cell of the liver
Kupffer cells
Phagocytosis
Destroy worn out cells, bacteria
Attachment
Binds to cell receptor to enter cell
Penetration
Enter cell through endocytosis or fusion of membranes
Synthesis
Use material to manufacture new viruses
Maturation
Parts are assembled to make new virions
Release
New virions depart from host cell
