Testicular and Scrotal Disease

Question 1

painless lump in scrotum ddx?

Answer 1

Cancer
varicocele
epidydimal - orchitis
hydrocele

Question 2

what viruses can cause orchitis?

Answer 2

mumps

ask re: parotids

Question 3

what’s worse with coughing?

Answer 3

hernia, varicocele, communicating hydrocele

Question 4

big risk factor specific to testicular cancer

Answer 4

crypto-orchidism

Question 5

2 ways to get orchitis?

Answer 5

STI

UTI

Question 6

key differentiating factor to see if a lump is arising in scrotum or from abdo?

Answer 6

reducible? can you get above it?

Question 7

how to examine for varicocele?

Answer 7

get them to stand up to see if it gets worse

and valsalva

Question 8

what transilluminates?

Answer 8

simple fluids, low protein,

Question 9

cancer feels how?

Answer 9

hard

Question 10

hydrocele feels how?

Answer 10

soft but depends on the tension, can’t feel the testicle

Question 11

investigations for testicular lumps?

Answer 11

• Urine dipstick
• Bloods
• u/S

Question 12

testicular tumours markers?

Answer 12

Alpha foetal proteins
beta HcG
LDH

Question 13

when you want to get initial urine/urethral swab?

Answer 13

test for STIs

M/C/S

Question 14

what’s most common intrascrotal for men over age 50?

Answer 14

lymphoma

Question 15

testicular cancer usually present locally or advanced?

Answer 15

local

Question 16

where does testicular cancer mets to?

Answer 16

lymph nodes
bone
lungs
chest

Question 17

which lymph nodes does testicular cancer mets to?

Answer 17

retroperitoneal

Question 18

approach to remove testicular cancer ?

Answer 18

inguinal canal approach, (don’t want to contaminate the scrotal basin)

Question 19

what testicular cancer produces tumour markers?

Answer 19

non-seminomas

Question 20

don’t forget what if someone is going to get testicular cancer ?

Answer 20

CXR to check for mets

Question 21

double time for testicular cancer ?

Answer 21

could be DAYS

Question 22

in males, are teratomas benign or malignant?

Answer 22

malignant

Question 23

what types of things can torsion?

Answer 23

torted appendix on top pole of testicle (blue dot sign)

testicle itself

Question 24

Ix for testicular torsion

Answer 24

ultrasound with doppler

Question 25

classic sign of testicular torsion?

Answer 25

loss of cremasteric reflex

Question 26

BCG used how in urology?

Answer 26

to clean up bladder cancers

Question 27

Types of germ cell tumours?

Answer 27

seminal

non-seminal