Testable Research Papers Flashcards
Medication direct-to-consumer advertising tends to _____ risks and _____ benefits.
minimize, exaggerate
What kinds of direct-to-consumer advertising is allowed in Canada (wrt medications)?
Full OTC medications
and
“reminder” ads that only mention drug brand names (no health claims or indications mentioned)
What was the only statistically sig finding in the direct-to-consumer advertising paper?
Pts in the high-exposure gp were twice as likely as pts in the low-exposure gp to request ANY Rx med during the study period, whether or not it was actually advertised
Why should the results of the direct-to-consumer advertising paper not be used to support or refute direct-to-consumer advertising per se?
It’s a pilot study - its study power was not that high due to an inadequate number of participants, and so the results are likely not all that valid. This paper should only serve as a basis for more valid research in the future
The majority of ppl in the direct-to-consumer advertising paper believed…
a. Canada’s laws forbade advertising Rx meds
b. Advertising Rx meds is allowed in Canada
c. Didn’t know whether or not Rx meds could be advertised in Canada
c.
How many pts in the direct-to-consumer advertising paper regarded pharmacists and MDs as reliable sources of health info?
~100%
In the direct-to-consumer advertising paper, were younger or older pts more likely to report high exposure to med advertising?
Younger
What kinds of pharmacists had lower overall job satisfaction in the occupational satisfaction and stress paper?
- PharmDs
2. Pharmacists who worked in chains rather than independent pharmacies
In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, more than half of all pharmacists thought about what?
quitting their position yearly
T or F: In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, it was found that the majority of pharmacists who thought about quitting would consider new positions within the pharmacy career.
F
Most of them considered careers OUTSIDE of pharmacy
In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, were PharmDs or Bachelors pharmacists more dissatisfied?
PharmDs
In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, did PharmDs or Bachelors pharmacists feel more adverse effects of occupational stress?
PharmDs
In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, who were more likely to not recommend pharmacy as a profession?
- PharmD
2. Chain pharmacists
Describe the three characteristics of pharmacists who were part of the most loyal and satisfied segment in the occupational satisfaction and stress paper
- Men
- Bachelors degree
- Worked in independent pharmacies
Occupational stress was highly correlated with THIS in the occupational satisfaction and stress paper.
Occupational stress was highly correlated w/ the intention to search for a new position
What were the lowest satisfied pharmacists not satisfied with mostly in the occupational satisfaction and stress paper? (6)
- management leadership
- lack of recognition from supervisors
- health care personnel
- fellow employees
- work activities
- scheduling
In the occupational satisfaction and stress paper, lack of satisfaction was correlated with…
higher stress
What should be done to make pharmacists more satisfied and less desirous of leaving their jobs (occupational satisfaction and stress paper)?
Reduce stress, improve communication, appreciate good work done by pharmacists, improve work-life flexibility
What was focused on in the travel medicine clinic paper?
- Identifying the barriers and facilitators encountered while planning a new pharmacy service
- Creating a planning process that could be used by other pharmacists when they’re trying to implement a service of their own
How did the researchers in the travel medicine clinic paper organize their analysis of the planning process of the travel clinic pharmacy?
According to the traditional business model of 3 phases of product development:
- Introduction
- Growth
- Maturation
Why were salaried physicians sought during the implementation phase in the travel medicine clinic paper, as opposed to fee-for-service physicians?
Since pt visits to the travel pharmacy clinic are not billable to OHIP
When making a new service, why is it important that enhancing pt health be the primary goal? (travel medicine clinic paper)
Bc pt health appeals to ALL health care providers involved
In the travel medicine clinic paper, what were the barriers during the growth phase of the travel clinic pharmacy?
- Increased efficiency
- Increased physician time-commitments
- Acceptance of pharmacy support staff of increased responsibilities/new roles
When planning your own services in a pharmacy, what should the outline step involve? (in the travel medicine clinic paper)
Description of the service, such as
- my vision of my role in providing this service
- pt benefits
- definition of success (e.g. expected revenue, num of pts)
T or F: All barriers need to be resolved before offering a new pharmacy service. (in the travel medicine clinic paper)
F
In the travel medicine clinic paper, it’s mentioned that we should outline financial costs. These costs include…
- training
- marketing
- physical changes to the workplace
- staffing
- technology
Outline the steps to making your own pharmacy business (according to the travel medicine clinic paper)
- Outline of service being offered
- Identify barriers and facilitators
- Communication and marketing plans
- Financial plan
- Action plan (timeline for intro, growth, and maturation phases)
Pros of direct-to-consumer advertising?
- Increase pt awareness
2. source of info for pts who may have limited access to prescribers
Cons of direct-to-consumer advertising?
- Minimize risk/exaggerate benefits
- fail to mention success rat of med, alt tx’s, non-pharm methods
- vague description of benefits
- use emotional appeals
- qualitative terms
- increases pt requests for these meds w/o much health improvements
Why would PharmD’s be less satisfied w/ than those w/ a BSc Pharm?
- Diff expectations
- Higher tuition = more debt
- felt disrespected by other HCPs
- under-utilized
- age discrepancy
Why are pharmacists working for chain pharmacies less satisfied than pharmacist working for independently-owned pharmacies?
Less flexibility Less freedom and control No Autonomy Pressure from corporate to meet quotas Chains are busier and often understaffed
